First Transmission of a 12D Format Across Three Coupled Spatial Modes of a 3-Core Coupled-Core Fiber at 4 bits/s/Hz

Abstract

We demonstrate the first transmission of a new twelve-dimensional modulation format over a three-core coupled-core multicore fiber. The format occupies a single time slot spread across all three linearly-coupled spatial modes and shows improved MI and GMI after transmission compared to PDM-QPSK.

Physical Realizations of Multidimensional Voronoi Constellations in Optical Communication Systems

“…To transmit a multidimensional VC over physical fiber dimensions, we convert the multidimensional symbol into multiple 2D symbols to modulate the amplitude and phase, i.e., in-phase and quadrature (IQ) components, in different combinations of time slots (ts), polarizations (pol), or wavelengths (λ). The spatial dimensions (multi-core and multi-mode fibers) [34], [35] offer additional degrees of freedom, which are not covered in this paper. An example of a 2D projection of the BW16B1 format is shown in Fig.…”

Experimental Demonstration of 8-Dimensional Voronoi Constellations with 65,536 and 16,777,216 Symbols

“…For instance, QAM formats are generated using integer (cubic) lattices for both the shaping and coding lattices, providing 0 dB shaping and coding gains [14] . Usually, QAM formats are used as a benchmark to compare the performance of other modulation schemes [9], [10] . On the other hand, the E8 lattice provides the densest packing of 8D hyperspheres (coding gain) and the Voronoi region of the E8 lattice has a 0.65 dB shaping gain compared to an 8D hypercube boundary.…”

“…Using 8 dimensions, higher sensitivity and transmission reach were demonstrated and compared to QAM formats employing amplitude, phase, polarization, wavelengths [6] , and time slots [7], [8] . Experimental demonstrations were performed using multicore fibers transmitting 12- [9] and 16dimensional [10] modulation formats. Up to 24 dimensions were studied in simulations over the nonlinear fiber channel [11], [12] .…”

Analytical Model of Nonlinear Fiber Propagation for General Dual-Polarization Four-Dimensional Modulation Formats

“…Performing joint shaping over multiple dimensions, e.g., polarizations and time slots [4], [5], wavelengths [6], [7], and cores [8], to achieve large performance gains has received interest in the literature for both the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) [9]- [12] and the optical fiber channel [12]- [16]. When constellation shaping tailored to the AWGN channel is used in the nonlinear optical channel, however, a nonlinear shaping gain penalty is introduced.…”