First‐Trimester Human Chorionic Villi Express Both Immunoregulatory and Inflammatory Cytokines: A Role for Interleukin‐10 in Regulating the Cytokine Network of Pregnancy

Bennett, William A.; Lagoo‐Deenadayalan, Sandhya; Whitworth, Neil S.; Stopple, J.A.; Barber, William H.; Hale, Enatra; Brackin, Martha N.; Cowan, Bryan D.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00077.x

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The immunologically privileged state of the human embryo has been attributed to a unique relationship between the maternal host and fetal tissue that is dependent on the physiology and structure of the placenta [4,[6][7][8][9]. Based on our current observations using hESCs as a model, the lack of maternal immunogenic response to the human embryo may be independent of complex in vivo interactions mediated by the placental barrier [5] but instead is due to unique properties of embryonic human cells that inhibit local immune responses to the fetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One exception to this rule is maternal tolerance to the fetal conceptus expressing paternal antigens [4,5]. In spite of our growing understanding of the immune system, the mechanism of immune privilege exhibited by fetal tissue remains unknown [4,[6][7][8][9]. Accordingly, it is reasonable to assume that immune responses to human embryonic cells may reveal unanticipated results, and therefore must be examined experimentally.…”

Section: Human Embryonic Stem Cells Possessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Embryonic Stem Cells Possess Immune‐Privileged Properties

Li¹,

Baroja²,

et al. 2004

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Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are envisioned to be a major source for cell-based therapies. Efforts to overcome rejection of hESCs include nuclear transfer and collection of hESC banks representing the broadest diversity of major histocompatability complex (MHC) polymorphorisms. Surprisingly, immune responses to hESCs have yet to be experimentally evaluated. Here, injection of hESCs into immune-competent mice was unable to induce an immune response. Undifferentiated and differentiated hESCs failed to stimulate proliferation of alloreactive primary human T cells and inhibited third-party allogeneic dendritic cell-mediated T-cell proliferation via cellular mechanisms independent of secreted factors. Upon secondary rechallenge, T cells cocultured with hESCs were still responsive to allogeneic stimulators but failed to proliferate upon re-exposure to hESCs. Our study demonstrates that hESCs possess unique immune-privileged characteristics and provides an unprecedented opportunity to further investigate the mechanisms of immune response to transplantation of hESCs that may avoid immune-mediated rejection. Stem

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Embryonic Stem Cells Possessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Embryonic Stem Cells Possess Immune‐Privileged Properties

Li¹,

Baroja²,

et al. 2004

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“…3,11,12 On the other hand, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13 are Th2 cytokines. [13][14][15][16][17][18] However, it is difficult to isolate cells solely based on their cytokine production. Thus, it is desirable to identify surface antigens associated with either Th1 or Th2 cytokine phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th1, Th2, and activated T-cell marker and clinical prognosis in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified: comparison with AILD, ALCL, lymphoblastic lymphoma, and ATLL

Tsuchiya

Ohshima

Karube

et al. 2004

Blood

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A new World Health Organization classification was recently proposed. However, classification of peripheral T-cell lymphomas remains to be clarified. Particularly, unspecified type was considered as a heterogeneous category. Here we studied the expressions of chemokine receptors, Th1-associated CXCR3 and CCR5 and Th2-associated marker ST2(L), and activated T-cell receptor OX40/CD134 in 185 patients with nodal T-cell lymphoma, and evaluated the relationship to prognosis. Their expression patterns correlated with the specific subtype of nodal T-cell lymphoma, such as angioimmunoblastic Tcell lymphoma (AILD), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), unspecified. In AILD, almost all cases were immunoreactive for OX40/CD134 (96%) and for CXCR3 (89%). In ALCL, all cases were immunonegative for OX40/CD134, and only a few cases (24%) were immunoreactive for CXCR3, whereas almost all cases (94%) were positive for ST2(L). Cases of PTCL, unspecified, were divided into 2 groups; group 1 (cases positive for either ST2(L), CCR5, or CXCR3) tended to show favorable prognosis compared with group 2 (cases negative for ST2(L), CCR5, and CXCR3). Our results indicate that further subtyping of PTCL, unspecified, into groups 1 and 2 could be significant for evaluating prognosis and understanding the functional role of these tumors.

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“…Several lines of evidence suggest that IL-10 may play a major role in influencing the activity of the placental trophoblast, which has been proposed as a key cell type in regulating the fetal immunoprotection (32,39,63). The placenta produces proinflammatory cytokines, which are thought to be associated with trophoblast apoptosis, protease production, and stimulation of several uterotonins (prostaglandins, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Age-Dependent Expression of IL-10 and Its Receptor in Human Placental Tissues and Isolated Cytotrophoblasts

Hanna

Hleb

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

288

200

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Control of antifetal immune responses is thought to be regulated locally by the placenta. Because the physiologic programming of the placenta across gestation is likely to influence the local immunity, we hypothesize that a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10 may be produced in a gestational age-dependent manner. In the present study, we examined the expression of IL-10 and its receptor in placental explants or freshly isolated cytotrophoblasts from different gestational ages and compared it with the expression profiles of other cytokines. First and second trimester placental tissues from normal pregnancies predominantly expressed IL-10, whereas the levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ were mostly below detection throughout pregnancy. The expression of IL-10, but not its receptor, diminished significantly in term placental tissues collected “before” the onset of labor and did not change appreciably “after” labor. On the other hand, TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly up-regulated in response to labor-associated conditions. IL-10 expression was transcriptionally attenuated at term as observed in cytotrophoblasts. In contrast to the placental cytokine milieu, autologous PBMCs, when activated with PHA, secreted significant amounts of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ, albeit with a statistically significantly enhanced IL-10 production in first trimester compared with age-matched nonpregnant women. These data suggest that IL-10 is expressed in the placenta in a gestational age-dependent manner and that its down-regulation at term may be an important mechanism underlying the subtle changes associated with parturition.

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First‐Trimester Human Chorionic Villi Express Both Immunoregulatory and Inflammatory Cytokines: A Role for Interleukin‐10 in Regulating the Cytokine Network of Pregnancy

Cited by 57 publications

References 44 publications

Human Embryonic Stem Cells Possess Immune‐Privileged Properties

Human Embryonic Stem Cells Possess Immune‐Privileged Properties

Th1, Th2, and activated T-cell marker and clinical prognosis in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified: comparison with AILD, ALCL, lymphoblastic lymphoma, and ATLL

Gestational Age-Dependent Expression of IL-10 and Its Receptor in Human Placental Tissues and Isolated Cytotrophoblasts

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