First-year survival and growth of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seed and seedlings underplanted in upland hardwood stands in south central Iowa

Bardon, Robert E.

doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-8096

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…If regenerated artificially, usually 1‐ or 2‐year‐old seedlings are used and initial density varies from 1,000–2,000/ha in France to 5,000–6,667/ha in Romania (Nicolescu et al, 2018). In the native range (Iowa, USA), Bardon and Countryman (1993) examined nursery seedlings and found that Red Oak seedlings with ten or more lateral roots had better average height growth in comparison with seedlings with lower numbers of lateral roots. In contrast, also in Iowa, Thompson and Schultz (1995) analysed seedlings grown in forests under different silvicultural treatments, finding that seedlings with at least five permanent first‐order lateral roots had a much greater probability of survival.…”

Section: Response To Biotic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Quercus rubra

et al. 2020

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1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Quercus rubra L.(Red Oak, Northern Red Oak; syn. Q. borealis, Q. maxima) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution; habitat; communities; responses to biotic factors; responses to environment; structure and physiology; phenology; floral and seed characters; herbivores and disease; history; and conservation.2. Quercus rubra is a large deciduous tree native to eastern North America. In its native range this species is one of the most important mid-successional tree species.Since the 18th century Q. rubra has been introduced into forest management in Europe and elsewhere. Currently, Q. rubra is a naturalized species in 23 countries.

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Section: Response To Biotic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Quercus rubra

et al. 2020

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“…Removal of all non-Quercus trees and treating their stumps with herbicide, and herbicide appUcation to the remaining understory less than 2.54 cm in dbh was used to release Quercus rubra seedlings firom its competition in this study. The reduction of competition by herbicide application was significant during the first year of this study (Bardon, 1992).…”

Section: Understory Competition and Seedling Performancementioning

confidence: 75%

“…Figure 6. Sub-plot layout of underplanted, 1-0, Quercus rubra seedlings and plot dimensions in meters (Bardon, 1992) As the seedlings were being graded, they were assigned a color coded numbered tag. The tags provided a way to keep track of the seedlings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tree shelters seem to be feasible under specific conditions in which seedlings receive enough light and other resources needed for seedlings to grow out of the shelter within three years. Tree shelters still remain a high cost alternative to establishing Quercus rubra stands or plantations where deer browse is so heavy that the use of tree shelters is the only method of establishing Quercus regeneration (Bardon, 1992).…”

Section: Growth Mortality and Stockingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An initial inventory of both the McNay and Stephens stands were conducted in order to characterize the sites (Bardon, 1992). The initial inventories consisted of nine prism plots (Husch, et al, 1982) and nine milacre plots on the McNay site and 11 prism plots and 11 mil-acre plots on the Stephens site.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Five-year survival and growth of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L) seedlings in upland hardwood stands in south central Iowa

Bardon

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A msgor concern in the management of Quercus rubra is the difficulty in regenerating stands that have developed dense understories of shade tolerant species. A study was conducted at two locations in south central Iowa to determine the impact over a five year period of using root graded seedlings, understory control, tree .welters, and overstory reduction on establishing imderplanted, 1-0, Quercus rubra bare root stock. Relationships between growth or mortality, and photosynthetically active radiation, red to far red light ratio, basal area, average stand diameter, nimiber of trees/hectare, percent stocking, and varioiis combinations of these variables were tested. Shelters and root grading had the greatest impact on survival and growth of the underplanted seedlings. Annual survival and growth of non-sheltered seedlings was greater than sheltered seedlings after three growing seasons. However, By the end of the fifth growing season non-sheltered seedlings had averaged 221 percent greater growth and 75 percent greater survival than sheltered seedlings. Underplanted seedlings with five or more permanent, first-order, lateral roots had 93 percent greater growth at the McNay site and 407 percent at the Stephens sites, respectively, compared to seedlings with fewer, first-order, lateral roots. R-square relationships between growth or mortality, and photosynthetically active radiation, red to far red light ratio, basal area, average stand diameter, niimber of trees/hectare, percent stocking, and various combinations ranged from 0.00 to 0.66. Spraying and mechanical clearing of the understory prior to underplanting helped underplanted seedlings maintaining a competitive position in the understory. Based on the literature and the results of this study resource managera should: (i) reduce overstory stocking to approximately 60 percent; (ii) use herbicide or V mechazucal methods to reduce understory competition; (iii) plant bare root stock with five or more permanent, first-order, lateral roots; and (iv) remove the remaining overstory when the underplanted Quercus rubra seedlings are 1.5 m in height in order to aid in the regeneration of Quercus rubra in south central Iowa.

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First-year survival and growth of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seed and seedlings underplanted in upland hardwood stands in south central Iowa

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Quercus rubra

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Quercus rubra

Five-year survival and growth of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L) seedlings in upland hardwood stands in south central Iowa

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