FISH-based mitotic and meiotic diakinesis karyotypes of Morus notabilis reveal a chromosomal fusion-fission cycle between mitotic and meiotic phases

Xuan, Yahui; Li, Chaoshuo; Wu, Yue; Ma, Bi; Liu, Ruiling; Xiang, Zhonghuai; He, Ningjia

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10079-6

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This species contained the fewest 5S rDNA sites, but the signal locations of these sites were noticeably more adjacent to the base (AGGGTTT) 3 signals than those of other species, which indicated movement of the 5S rDNA repeats within each site. The reported cytogenetic data support a close-to-basal position for F. pennsylvanica [19,58,59].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Analysis of the Locations of the Oligonucleotides 5S rDNA, (AGGGTTT)3, and (TTG)6 in Three Genera of Oleaceae and Their Phylogenetic Framework

Luo

Liu

2019

Genes

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We report the cytogenetic map for a collection of species in the Oleaceae, and test similarities among the karyotypes relative to their known species phylogeny. The oligonucleotides 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), (AGGGTTT)3, and (TTG)6 were used as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes to locate the corresponding chromosomes in three Oleaceae genera: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Syringa oblata, Ligustrum lucidum, and Ligustrum × vicaryi. Forty-six small chromosomes were identified in four species. (AGGGTTT)3 signals were observed on almost all chromosome ends of four species, but (AGGGTTT)3 played no role in distinguishing the chromosomes but displayed intact chromosomes and could thus be used as a guide for finding chromosome counts. (TTG)6 and 5S rDNA signals discerned several chromosomes located at subterminal or central regions. Based on the similarity of the signal pattern (mainly in number and location and less in intensity) of the four species, the variations in the 5S rDNA and (TTG)6 distribution can be ordered as L. lucidum < L. × vicaryi < F. pennsylvanica < S. oblata. Variations have observed in the three genera. The molecular cytogenetic data presented here might serve as a starting point for further larger-scale elucidation of the structure of the Oleaceae genome, and comparison with the known phylogeny of Oleaceae family.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Analysis of the Locations of the Oligonucleotides 5S rDNA, (AGGGTTT)3, and (TTG)6 in Three Genera of Oleaceae and Their Phylogenetic Framework

Luo

Liu

2019

Genes

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“…Due to adaptation in response to unique environmental changes, karyotype formation in M. notabilis involved more chromosomal fusion events than in other plants and caused the observed descending dysploidy (from x = 14 to x = 6), which indicated parallel evolution and selection throughout the genus. Researchers previously hypothesized that this type of chromosomal fusion-fission event may be a common phenomenon in M. notabilis during growth and development [37]. Some of the genes present in evolutionary rearrangement regions may be associated with the adaptation and evolution of the species [38], a hypothesis consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Chromosome-level Genomes Reveal the Genetic Basis of Descending Dysploidy and Sex Determination in Morus Plants

Xia

Dai

Fan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Multiple plant lineages have independently evolved sex chromosomes and variable karyotypes to maintain their sessile lifestyles through constant biological innovation. Morus notabilis, a dioecious mulberry species, has the fewest chromosomes among Morus spp., but the genetic basis of sex determination and karyotype evolution in this species have not been identified. Three high-quality genome assemblies generated of Morus spp. (including those of dioecious M. notabilis and Morus yunnanensis) were within the range 301-329 Mb in size which were grouped into six pseudochromosomes. Using a combination of genomic approaches, we showed that the putative ancestral karyotype of Morus was close to 14 protochromosomes, and that several chromosome fusion events resulted in descending dysploidy (2n = 2x = 12). We also characterized a ~6.2-Mb sex-determining region on chromosome 3. The four potential male-specific genes, including a partially duplicated DNA helicase gene orthologue (named MSDH) and three Ty3_Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons (named MSTG), were solely identified in the Y-linked area and considered to be strong candidate genes for sex determination or differentiation. Population genomic analysis showed that Guangdong accessions in China were genetically similar to Japanese accessions of mulberry. In addition, genomic areas containing selective sweeps that distinguish domesticated mulberry trees from wild populations in terms of flowering and disease resistance were identified. Our findings provide an important genetic resource for sex identification and molecular breeding in mulberry.

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“…Two pairs of NOR loci have been reported for M. notabilis (Xuan et al 2017). The other mulberry accessions contained at least two pairs of NOR loci (data not shown).…”

Section: Manuscript To Be Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 82%

Peer Review #2 of "Molecular phylogeny of mulberries reconstructed from ITS and two cpDNA sequences (v0.1)"

2019

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Background: Species in the genus Morus (Moraceae) are deciduous woody plants of great economic importance. The classification and phylogenetic relationships of Morus, especially the abundant mulberry resources in China, is still undetermined. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions are among the most widely used molecular markers in phylogenetic analyses of angiosperms. However, according to the previous phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequences, most of the mulberry accessions collected in China were grouped into the largest clade lacking for phylogenetic resolution. Compared with functional ITS sequences, ITS pseudogenes show higher sequence diversity, so they can provide useful phylogenetic information. Methods: We sequenced the ITS regions and the chloroplast DNA regions TrnL-TrnF and TrnT-TrnL from 33 mulberry accessions, and performed phylogenetic analyses to explore the evolution of mulberry. Results: We found ITS pseudogenes in 11 mulberry accessions. In the phylogenetic tree constructed from ITS sequences, clade B was separated into short-type sequence clades (clades 1 and 2), and a longtype sequence clade (clade 3). Pseudogene sequences were separately clustered into two pseudogroups, designated as pseudogroup 1 and pseudogroup 2. The phylogenetic tree generated from cpDNA sequences also separated clade B into two clades. Conclusions: Two species were separated in clade B. The existence of three connection patterns and incongruent distribution patterns between the phylogenetic trees generated from cpDNA and ITS sequences suggested that the ITS pseudogene sequences connect with genetic information from the female progenitor. Hybridization has played important roles in the evolution of mulberry, resulting in low resolution of the phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences. An evolutionary pattern illustrating the evolution history of mulberry is proposed. These findings have significance for the conservation of local mulberry resources. Polyploidy, hybridization, and concerted evolution have all played the roles in the evolution of ITS sequences in mulberry. This study will expand our understanding of mulberry evolution.

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FISH-based mitotic and meiotic diakinesis karyotypes of Morus notabilis reveal a chromosomal fusion-fission cycle between mitotic and meiotic phases

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Analysis of the Locations of the Oligonucleotides 5S rDNA, (AGGGTTT)3, and (TTG)6 in Three Genera of Oleaceae and Their Phylogenetic Framework

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Analysis of the Locations of the Oligonucleotides 5S rDNA, (AGGGTTT)3, and (TTG)6 in Three Genera of Oleaceae and Their Phylogenetic Framework

Chromosome-level Genomes Reveal the Genetic Basis of Descending Dysploidy and Sex Determination in Morus Plants

Peer Review #2 of "Molecular phylogeny of mulberries reconstructed from ITS and two cpDNA sequences (v0.1)"

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