Fish diversity and conservation in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River

Diversity and distribution of fish in the Qilian Mountain Basin

“…1 ). All fish species were identified, based on their morphological characteristics and the specimens that were difficult to identify, especially for Triplophysa , were verified using molecular sequencing (detailed methods as previously described by Chen et al 2021 ). Valid species names were invoked as found in Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes ( Fricke et al 2022 ).…”

Distributive hydraulic engineering, cross‐scale landscape planning, and climate change resilience: On the water‐adaptive strategy in the Huai'an–Yangzhou Section of China's Grand Canal

“…As the Yellow River is much larger and also much muddier than the Huai River, the lower watercourse of the latter was proven too narrow for a confluent Yellow‐Huai River, and this had caused frequent floods from both rivers threatening the East China region, which was not only a disaster per se but also caused soil salinization problem, a long‐lasting threat to the region. Based on these facts, some at the time had repeatedly proposed the option to artificially “induce” the Yellow River to restore its old, northward course, such as that by Guifang Wu ( 吴桂芳 , Governor of Canal Transports 1576–1579) and Shibao Chen ( 陈世宝 , Imperial Censor c. 1577) et al in the late 16th century (T. Zhang, 1974), that by Fa Chen ( 陈法 , Governor of North Canal, c. 1730) in the early 18th century (Chen, 2003), and that by Jiagan Sun ( 孙嘉淦 , Governor of Canal Transports c. 1740, and Deputy Imperial Chancellor c. 1750) in the mid‐18th century (Zhao, 1998). However, given the technological capacity at the time, no one would guarantee such a course change would happen under complete control, while the potential costs under the “out of control” scenario would no doubt be an unbearable catastrophe given the fact that the potential flood zone was a densely populated area with tens of millions of residents, as well as a major commercial hub of the country ( Guangxu Huai'an Fuzhi (Records of the Huai'an Prefecture, Guangxu Edition, 光绪淮安府志) , 1991; Zhengde Huai'an Fuzhi (Records of the Huai'an Prefecture, Zhengde Edition, 正德淮安府志) , 2009).…”

“…The five‐century period when the Grand Canal was in service also covered a mini‐cycle of climate change, when the world had entered and quit the Little Ice Age from the 16th to the 19th century (Fan, 2010; Lamb, 1972), and thus the long‐term hydrological situation variation caused by the climate change had posed great challenges on the sustained service of the Grand Canal. People at the time might not be aware of the change of climate, but they were apparently aware of the fact that the hydrological characteristics of the rivers were in constant change in the long run (Chen, 2003). Therefore, Canal‐management had become a long‐standing challenge facing the Ming and Qing governments.…”

“…Regional Landscape Patterns before (a) and after (b) Pan's works around the 1580s. Source : Own elaboration based on Chen (2003) [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”