Fish farm effluents alter reef benthic assemblages and reduce coral settlement

Quimpo, Timothy Joseph R.; Ligson, Charlon A.; Manogan, Dana P.; Requilme, Jeremiah Noelle C.; Albelda, Ritzelle L.; Conaco, Cecilia; Cabaitan, Patrick C.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111025

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Colonies of Lobophytum have slow growth rates (~6 mm per year; Aliño & Coll, 1989). Hence, the reproductively mature populations of L. schoedei in BARC might have been exposed to global and local disturbances which contributed to its low fecundity (Arceo et al, 2001; Ferrera et al, 2016; Quimpo et al, 2020). Manipulative experiments with bleaching in Lobophytum have revealed a significant reduction in fecundity and gamete quality for at least two spawning seasons (Michalek‐Wagner & Willis, 2001a, 2001b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual reproduction in the soft coralLobophytum schoedeiin Bolinao‐Anda Reef Complex, Pangasinan, northwestern Philippines

Baran

Baria‐Rodriguez

2021

Invertebrate Biology

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The characterization of early life‐history strategies of soft corals is important in understanding population maintenance, replenishment, and recovery in disturbed coral reefs. This study examined the sexual reproduction of the soft coral Lobophytum schoedei in the Bolinao‐Anda Reef Complex (BARC), a degraded reef in northwestern Philippines. Reproductive strategies such as sexuality, sex ratio, fecundity, and reproductive timing were examined. Random colonies of L. schoedei were sampled a few weeks before the predicted time of spawning to assess fecundity (n = 73 colonies), and sexuality and sex ratio (n = 221 colonies). Monthly sampling of tagged colonies of L. schoedei (n = 20) was done over 13 months to determine the reproductive timing through polyp dissection. Peak of annual spawning was inferred based on the presence of large gametes and their absence in the next sampling period. Results showed that L. schoedei is a gonochoric broadcast spawner with 1:1.1 sex ratio. Although oogenesis and spermatogenesis exhibited overlapping cycles, both gametes matured and spawned in April, coinciding with increasing sea surface temperature. Prior to spawning, oocytes and spermaries ranged 300–633 µm and 150–337 µm in diameter, respectively. Mean female fecundity was 6.7 ± 3.9 oocytes per polyp and male fecundity was 39.2 ± 22.5 (±SD) spermaries per polyp. Some of these results, including the low number of oocytes produced by female polyps, may be caused by sexual reproduction in a degraded reef environment. Understanding these reproductive traits may be useful for predicting the resiliency of populations of L. schoedei in response to ongoing and future environmental change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual reproduction in the soft coralLobophytum schoedeiin Bolinao‐Anda Reef Complex, Pangasinan, northwestern Philippines

Baran

Baria‐Rodriguez

2021

Invertebrate Biology

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“…Several lines of evidence suggest that water-quality conditions acting on the substrate prior to settlement may be critical for determining coral settlement outcomes (Baird et al 2003, Petersen et al 2005, Kuffner et al 2006, Szmant & Miller 2006, Suzuki & Hayashibara 2011, Ricardo et al 2017. Chronically altered light regimes and smothering by sediment lead to altered community assemblages on the substrate that evidently promote or prevent settlement (Erwin et al 2008, Arnold & Steneck 2011, Quimpo et al 2020. In this study, prior exposure of the settlement substrates to a variety of water quality conditions in situ elicited clear differences in the settlement response, with larvae preferring the substrates that had been previously conditioned under low light and not affected by sediment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of water quality on Acropora coral settlement: The relative importance of substrate quality and light

Ricardo

Harper

Negri

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Coral larval settlement patterns are influenced by a vast array of factors; however, the relative roles of individual factors are rarely tested in isolation, leading to confusion about which are most crucial for settlement. For example, direct effects of light environment are often cited as a major determinate of settlement patterns, yet this has not been demonstrated under environmentally realistic lighting regimes in the absence of confounding factors. Here we apply programmable multispectral lights to create realistic light spectra, while removing correlating (but not obvious) factors that are common in laboratory settlement experiments.Using two common species of Acropora -key framework builders of the Great Barrier Reef -we find little evidence that light intensity or changes in the spectral profile play a substantial role in larval settlement under most environmentally realistic settings but can under more extreme or artificial settings. We alternatively hypothesise and provide evidence that chronic conditions of light and recent sediment exposures that impact benthic substrates (e.g., crustose coralline algae) preceding settlement have a greater impact, with up to 74% .

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“…Metamorphosis without attachment to substrate may be triggered by downregulation of cryptochrome genes under low light conditions (Jindrich et al., 2017). If this is the case, light attenuation due to high sedimentation load, particularly in reef areas heavily affected by fish farm effluents, could be a major factor affecting larval dispersal and settlement (Abdul Wahab, Maldonado, Luter, Jones, & Ricardo, 2019; Baquiran & Conaco, 2018; Quimpo et al., 2020). Alternatively, it is possible that larvae stay in the water column for much longer under dark conditions until they eventually encounter biochemical cues that have diffused from CCA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sites both experience strong wave action during the monsoon seasons and have an annual mean temperature of 29.7 ± 0.3°C and mean light intensity of 7,137 ± 1,505 lux. Fish farm effluent and submarine groundwater discharge contribute to elevated nutrient concentrations at the sites (Cantarero, Blanco, Cardenas, Nadaoka, & Siringan, 2019; Ferrera et al., 2016; Quimpo et al., 2020; Senal et al., 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and development of larvae in the sponge Haliclona amboinensis

Nada

Baquiran

Cabaitan

et al. 2020

Invertebrate Biology

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Sponges play important roles in marine ecosystems by contributing to habitat complexity and benthopelagic coupling of nutrients. Yet, the reproduction and settlement behaviors of diverse sponge species are not well understood. Here, we examined the brooding demosponge Haliclona amboinensis, which is common on shallow reefs in Bolinao, northwestern Philippines. Gravid sponges were found between the months of May and August, coinciding with warmer sea surface temperature. Sponges released parenchymella larvae from brood chambers in the mid‐morning, suggesting that light and temperature may serve as cues to initiate hatching. Larvae immediately swam toward the surface upon emergence and migrated to the bottom of the tanks 1–2 hr after release. The presence of light and crustose coralline algae induced high larval settlement. Metamorphosis proceeded rapidly in vitro, with larval cells spreading laterally on the substrate. The osculum was first visible at 3 days after settlement. The short pelagic duration of larvae in H. amboinensis promotes local recruitment and may be important for the maintenance of sponge populations in the face of disturbances.

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Fish farm effluents alter reef benthic assemblages and reduce coral settlement

Cited by 35 publications

References 60 publications

Sexual reproduction in the soft coralLobophytum schoedeiin Bolinao‐Anda Reef Complex, Pangasinan, northwestern Philippines

Sexual reproduction in the soft coralLobophytum schoedeiin Bolinao‐Anda Reef Complex, Pangasinan, northwestern Philippines

Impacts of water quality on Acropora coral settlement: The relative importance of substrate quality and light

Behavior and development of larvae in the sponge Haliclona amboinensis

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