Fish oil and meal replacement in mullet (Mugil liza) diet with Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and linseed oil

Protective Effect of Spirulina platensis Extract against Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats

“…The better protective effects displayed by the HA extract in the current study (compared to the chloroform extract) might be attributable to its content of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients, including carotenoids and possibly other ingredients. A strong body of evidence showing the positive effects of Spirulina species on body retinoid composition and antioxidant activity [66,75,76] supports our hypothesis that antioxidant ingredients, presumably carotenoids, are at least in part critical for the protective effects of the HA extract of Spirulina against experimental colitis. Moreover, previous studies have shown that HA extracts can generally be richer in polyphenols and other bioactive compounds than chloroform extracts [77], and that variation in solvent composition results in variation in the active constituents of cyanobacteria extracts [78].…”

“…The protective effects demonstrated by Spirulina platensis can be attributed to its previously reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [32,34,64,65], and possibly to its supplying the animals with trace nutrients required by the body for maintenance of redox homeostasis, nutrients which can be rendered deficient as a result of disease progression [21,22,34]. Importantly, Spirulina is a well-known rich source of antioxidant metabolites, including carotenoids such as β-carotene and zeaxanthin as major constituents [26,66,67]. Recent clinical studies have indicated that carotenoids like β-carotene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin, as well as vitamin A, can have protective and ameliorative effects in patients with UC [28,29,67].…”

Comparison of Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Crocodile Oil (Crocodylus siamensis) Extracted by Using Various Extraction Methods

“…[24] ALA can be converted into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and then to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are the very bioactive n-3 fatty acids. Interestingly, the oil yields from all the methods used in this study presented ALA (1.06 g per 100 g oil) at similar levels compared to ALA in fish oil (1.45 g per 100 g oil) according to the previous studies [25,26] although there were approximately fifty times lower levels of DHA in the crocodile oil (0.20 g per 100 g oil) compared to the fish oil (9.93 g per 100 g oil) referred to in the above articles. Accordingly, it could be suggested that the oil extraction methods which provide a higher amount of ALA (were wet rendering and the two cold pressing methods) were suitable for gaining higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and it could be suggested of the higher probability of antiinflammatory and anti-obesity properties of the oil.…”

“…Furthermore, it was shown that the crocodile oil extracts generally had higher levels of oleic acid (40.36 g per 100 g oil) compared with the levels of the fatty acid in fish oil of 15.02 and 16.50 g per 100 g oil, respectively according to the previous studies . [25,26] In the same way, higher levels of linoleic acid (21.81 g per 100 g oil) in the crocodile oil were observed when compared to the fatty acid of fish oil in 9.90 and 6.90 g per 100 g oil referred to the above reports. Similarly, there are several studies involved in the fatty acid profile of crocodile fat.…”

Major Sustainable Development Goals applied to Aquaculture

“…Studies have already shown, for example, that it is possible to reduce the catch of wild fish by up to 30% by replacing it with marine microalgae products (BEAL et al, 2018). An example of replacing fish meal and fish oil is the use of the microalgae Spirulina and linseed oil, up to 50%, in mullet (Mugil liza) juveniles diet (ROSAS et al, 2019).…”