Fish oil and omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease: do they really work?

Kromhout, Daan; Yasuda, Satoshi; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Shimokawa, Hiroaki

doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr362

Cited by 205 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (LCn3-FAs) exert beneficial cardiovascular effects on atherosclerosis and inflammation and have been demonstrated to induce antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects and to reduce mortality. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Although the Alpha Omega Trial did not show a significantly different event rate among patients receiving LCn3-FA in addition to state-of-the-art therapy for myocardial infarction, 14 previous studies and subgroup analyses demonstrated a beneficial effect of omega (v)-3 FA. 11,15 An inexpensive and abundantly available alternative to marine-derived v-3 is the plant-derived alpha (a)-linolenic acid (ALA) that, by itself or by chain elongation to LCn3-FA EPA, DPA, and DHA, has a number of beneficial effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary α-linolenic acid increases the platelet count in ApoE−/− mice by reducing clearance

Stivala

Reiner

Lohmann

et al. 2013

Blood

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary α-linolenic acid increases the platelet count in ApoE−/− mice by reducing clearance

Stivala

Reiner

Lohmann

et al. 2013

Blood

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“…S1) is considered to promote good health in numerous and diverse ways, potentially protecting the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems (1,2). Although large-scale clinical trials using dietary supplements have not yielded unequivocal results (3,4), individuals are advised to consume fish rich in DHA for cardiovascular health (5) and numerous dietary supplements containing derivatives of omega-3 fatty acids are widely available. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the purported diverse health-promoting effects of DHA remain mostly unclear in part because molecular signaling pathways and effectors of the fatty acids are only beginning to be revealed (2,6,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure by directly activating large-conductance Ca ²⁺ -dependent K ⁺ channels

Hoshi

Wissuwa

Tian

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

139

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Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found abundantly in oily fish, may have diverse health-promoting effects, potentially protecting the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. However, the mechanisms underlying the purported health-promoting effects of DHA remain largely unclear, in part because molecular signaling pathways and effectors of DHA are only beginning to be revealed. In vascular smooth muscle cells, large-conductance Ca 2+ -and voltage-activated K + (BK) channels provide a critical vasodilatory influence. We report here that DHA with an EC 50 of ∼500 nM rapidly and reversibly activates BK channels composed of the pore-forming Slo1 subunit and the auxiliary subunit β1, increasing currents by up to ∼20-fold. The DHA action is observed in cell-free patches and does not require voltage-sensor activation or Ca 2+ binding but involves destabilization of the closed conformation of the ion conduction gate. DHA lowers blood pressure in anesthetized wildtype but not in Slo1 knockout mice. DHA ethyl ester, contained in dietary supplements, fails to activate BK channels and antagonizes the stimulatory effect of DHA. Slo1 BK channels are thus receptors for long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, and these fatty acids-unlike their ethyl ester derivatives-activate the channels and lower blood pressure. This finding has practical implications for the use of omega-3 fatty acids as nutraceuticals for the general public and also for the critically ill receiving omega-3-enriched formulas.fish oil | lipids | K Ca 1.1 | immunonutrition

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“…Some data suggest that a low dietary intake of PUFA may have a role in NAFLD pathogenesis [49]. In addition, PUFA has been shown to improve hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease [50], diseases closely related to NAFLD [51]. PUFA act by regulating gene transcription factors involved in hepatic lipid metabolism [52] which have down-stream effects of increased insulin sensitivity, inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis, increased fatty acid oxidation and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines [53].…”

Section: Thiazolidinedionesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacologic Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Goh¹,

Dasarathy²,

McCullough³

2014

Adv Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf

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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common complex chronic liver disease that encompasses a spectrum of disease from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH has the potential to progress to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no definitive universally accepted treatment options available for NASH. Most pharmacological agents that have been investigated are limited by inconsistent efficacy or side effects. We reviewed the current literature on the principle drugs that have been tested for NAFLD in the adult population, with special emphasis on clinical data and safety profiles. Methods:A comprehensive PUBMED/MEDLINE search was conducted to identify principal therapeutic intervention studies for NAFLD, from which a summary of the studies were formulated in this review. Results:A variety of studies, including retrospective, open-label and randomised controlled trials were reviewed in terms of clinical efficacy and side effect profiles. In addition to the most commonly studied therapeutic agents (insulin sensitizers, vitamin E, pentoxifylline, UDCA, PUFA, statins and ezetimibe), emerging pharmacologic agents showing potential efficacy in NAFLD were also explored. Conclusion:Based on risk-benefit profiles, pentoxifylline seems to have the best treatment outcomes currently, with significant improvement in histology while having minimal tolerable side effects. Further clinical research is warranted to understand and improve our repertoire of treatment options, including potential combination therapy, towards this complex disease.

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Fish oil and omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease: do they really work?

Cited by 205 publications

References 70 publications

Dietary α-linolenic acid increases the platelet count in ApoE−/− mice by reducing clearance

Dietary α-linolenic acid increases the platelet count in ApoE−/− mice by reducing clearance

Omega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure by directly activating large-conductance Ca ²⁺ -dependent K ⁺ channels

Pharmacologic Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Fish oil and omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease: do they really work?

Cited by 205 publications

References 70 publications

Dietary α-linolenic acid increases the platelet count in ApoE−/− mice by reducing clearance

Dietary α-linolenic acid increases the platelet count in ApoE−/− mice by reducing clearance

Omega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure by directly activating large-conductance Ca 2+ -dependent K + channels

Pharmacologic Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Omega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure by directly activating large-conductance Ca ²⁺ -dependent K ⁺ channels