Fish oil, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy people: Is there any effect of fish oil supplementation in relation to the type of background diet and habitual dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids?

Giacco, Rosalba; Cuomo, Vittoria; Vessby, Bengt; Uusitupa, Matti; Hermansen, Kjeld; Meyer, Barbara J.; Riccardi, Gabriele; Rivellese, Angela Albarosa

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2006.06.006

Cited by 88 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…That FO supplementation only seems to exert an effect on plasma glucose among PPARG2 heterozygotes may explain why previous studies in humans have been unable to show an effect of FO on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. We found no effect of FO on glucose homeostasis and HOMA, which is in line with findings by Pedersen et al (2010) in teenage boys and findings from studies in adults (Egert et al 2008;Giacco et al 2007). In contrast, other studies in adults have observed improved insulin sensitivity as a consequence of fish intake or FO supplementation (Abete et al 2008;Ramel et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

et al. 2014

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Long-chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) improve blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile in adults and improve insulin sensitivity in rodents. We have previously shown that n-3 LCPUFA reduces BP and plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) in infants. Few studies have found effects on glucose homeostasis in humans. We explored possible effect modification by FADS, PPARG2, and COX2 genotypes to support potential effects of n-3 LCPUFA on metabolic markers in infants. Danish infants (133) were randomly allocated to daily supplementation with a teaspoon (*5 mL/day) of fish oil (FO) or sunflower oil (SO) from 9 to 18 months of age. Before and after the intervention, we assessed BP, erythrocyte n-3 LCPUFA, plasma lipid profile, insulin, and glucose in addition to functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in FADS, PPARG2, and COX2. At 18 months, plasma TAG was lower in the FO compared with SO group (p = 0.014). This effect was modified by PPARG2-Pro12Ala, as TAG only decreased among heterozygotes. FO supplemented PPARG2 Pro12Ala heterozygotes also had decreased plasma glucose compared with the SO group (p = 0.043). The effect of FO on mean arterial BP at 18 months was gender dependent (p = 0.020) and reduced in boys only (p = 0.028). Diastolic BP was, however, lower among all FO supplemented homozygous COX2-T8473C variant allele carriers compared with the SO group (p = 0.001). In conclusion, our results confirm that FO supplementation in late infancy reduces TAG and BP and indicates that the effects are mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, FO reduced plasma glucose only in PPARG2 heterozygotes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

et al. 2014

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“…Also, randomized controlled trials performed in healthy subjects with n-3 fatty acid supplementation have not shown any influence on insulin sensitivity (36,37). However, most of these studies are probably conducted for periods too short to allow a real change in the composition of cell membrane phospholipids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between n-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and insulin resistance: The inuit health in transition study

Thorseng

Witte

Vistisen

et al. 2009

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Objectives. To examine the association between the content of n-3 fatty acids and insulin resistance in an Inuit population. Study design. The Inuit Health in Transition Study was carried out between 2003 and 2007 in Greenland as a cross-sectional study. Our preliminary results are based on the first 452 participants aged 18 and above. Only participants with at least 1 Inuit grandparent and without diabetes were included. Methods. The contents of n-3 fatty acids and the n-3/n-6 ratio were measured in the erythrocyte membrane phospholipids. BMI was calculated and questions concerning diabetes and ethnicity were answered. Insulin resistance was estimated using the HOMA-IR index based on fastingglucose and fasting-insulin.

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“…Dietary intervention to evoke phenotypes acutely has long been used in nutrition research, principally in the form of carbohydrate challenge (oral glucose tolerance test, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test), or fat challenge (oral lipid tolerance test), sometimes in combination with longer-term dietary interventions such as modification of dietary fat intake 267,268 or sodium restriction. 269 The addition of genetic or genomic information such as SNP genotype [270][271][272][273] can further increase the utility of these evoked challenge studies by highlighting subgroups of individuals with differing responses.…”

Section: Evoked Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenomics, the Microbiome, and Gene-Environment Interactions: New Directions in Cardiovascular Disease Research, Prevention, and Treatment

Ferguson¹,

Allayee²,

Gerszten³

et al. 2016

Circ Cardiovasc Genet

101

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Abstract-Cardiometabolic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and are strongly linked to both genetic and nutritional factors. The field of nutrigenomics encompasses multiple approaches aimed at understanding the effects of diet on health or disease development, including nutrigenetic studies investigating the relationship between genetic variants and diet in modulating cardiometabolic risk, as well as the effects of dietary components on multiple "omic" measures, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, epigenetic modifications, and the microbiome. Here, we describe the current state of the field of nutrigenomics with respect to cardiometabolic disease research and outline a direction for the integration of multiple omics techniques in future nutrigenomic studies aimed at understanding mechanisms and developing new therapeutic options for cardiometabolic disease treatment and prevention. The interpretation and scope of nutrigenomics may vary, but it can be thought to encompass the spectrum of nutritional genomics research, including classic nutrigenetics studies of gene-diet interactions and molecular nutrition, in vitro and in vivo models, human nutrition studies, and the application of largescale, unbiased studies using high-throughput "omics" techniques to study the effects of nutrients on the body. 6 As the Figure shows, diet and the genome may influence cardiometabolic health through a variety of interconnected intermediates, perturbations in which can be measured through omics technologies, including RNA expression (transcriptome), epigenetic modifications (epigenome), metabolites (metabolome), lipids (lipidome), proteins (proteome), and resident microbial communities (microbiome). Although it is clear that both nutrients and genes play a distinct role in determining health, the complex interactions among genes, diet, and downstream networks are not well understood. The application of nutrigenomics approaches to questions of human health and disease is an important component in understanding the complexities of the interplay between basic metabolic processes and externalThe American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.This statement was approved by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee on January 22, 2016, and the American Heart Association Executive Committee on February 23, 2016. A copy of the document is available at http://professional.heart.org/statements by using either "Search for Guidelines & Statements" or the "Browse by Topic" area. To purchase additional reprints, call 843-216-2533 or e-mail kelle.ramsay@ wolterskluwer.com.The...

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Fish oil, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy people: Is there any effect of fish oil supplementation in relation to the type of background diet and habitual dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids?

Cited by 88 publications

References 38 publications

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

The association between n-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and insulin resistance: The inuit health in transition study

Nutrigenomics, the Microbiome, and Gene-Environment Interactions: New Directions in Cardiovascular Disease Research, Prevention, and Treatment

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