Fish Oil (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Beneficially Affect Biliary Cholesterol Nucleation Time in Obese Women Losing Weight

Abstract

It has been reported that intake of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces the risk of coronary heart disease and decreases biliary cholesterol saturation in the bile of gallstone patients. We investigated the effect of n-3 PUFA on cholesterol saturation index (CSI) and nucleation time (NT) in obese subjects who were losing weight. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Obese women (n = 35) with a body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 kg/m(2), with no prior history of gallstones or cholecystectomy by ultrasound were first studied to ensure absence of stones or biliary sludge. The women were then assigned to a hypocaloric regimen [5.02 MJ (1200 kcal)/d] and to receive 1200 mg/d of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), 11.3 g/d of (n-3) PUFA or a placebo for 6 wk. BMI, CSI and NT were recorded at baseline and at the end of the experimental period. BMI decreased 5.75 +/- 2.7%/mo (range, 1.5-12.42%/mo) during the experiment. The CSI did not change in any of the groups. Cholesterol NT decreased significantly in the UDCA and placebo groups, but not in the (n-3) PUFA group. None of the women had developed gallstones at 6 wk. These results suggest that (n-3) PUFA maintain the CSI and NT in obese women during rapid weight loss, which probably results in the prevention of cholesterol gallstone formation.

PEMBERIAN MINYAK IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus) TERHADAP BOBOT BADAN DAN PERUBAHAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI, GINJAL DAN OTAK TIKUS GALUR Sprague dawley YANG DIBERI PAKAN HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA

“…Simopoulos (2016) menyatakan bahwa omega 3 mampu menghalangi terbentuknya enzim lipogen yang berperan dalam pembentukan lemak yang akan terakumulasi pada sel adiposa. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hassanali et al (2010) menjelaskan bahwa pemberian suplemen omega 3 mampu menurunkan berat badan pada kondisi hiperkolesterolemia, sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ruzickova et al (2004) dan Mendez-Sanchez et al (2001). Hasil analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antar perlakuan.…”

Maternal and Postnatal Supplementation of Fish Oil Improves Metabolic Health of Mouse Male Offspring

“…This amount is higher than the recommended daily intake of FO in humans (1‐3.5 g/d) . However, higher doses of up to 6 g of FO were used for a study on management of cardiovascular diseases , and studies have used up to 11 g of FO . Additionally, we did not measure energy expenditure in the offspring groups with or without FO supplementation, and therefore we cannot directly attribute the lower adiposity and reduced liver TG of the FO‐FO group to higher energy expenditure in these mice.…”

Risk of symptomatic gallstones and cholecystectomy after a very-low-calorie diet or low-calorie diet in a commercial weight loss program: 1-year matched cohort study

“…Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and/or the use of ursodeoxycholic acid during the rapid weight loss phase could possibly reduce gallstone formation. 26, 30 …”