Fish oil reduces subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherogenic factors in overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A pre-post pilot study

Souza, Daniela R.; Pieri, Bruno Luiz da Silva; Comim, Vitor Hugo; Marques, Schérolin de Oliveira; Luciano, Thais F.; Rodrigues, Matheus Scarpatto; Souza, Cláudio Teodoro de

doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107553

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Accordingly, a meta-analysis including 17 studies revealed that FO supplementation is associated with increased insulin sensitivity among people with metabolic disorders [ 66 ], likely by decreasing the levels of TNFα , IL-1β and IL-6 . The same conclusion was obtained in a pilot study carried out on 32 overweight and/or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received FO supplementation [ 67 ]. Among the genes modulated by the consumption of different PUFA sources are those involved in AT inflammation and metabolism, including inflammasome-associated IL-18 , IL-1β and IL-1RN , and genes involved in impaired fasting glucose in obese subjects [ 62 , 68 ].…”

Section: Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue Homeostasissupporting

confidence: 72%

Dietary Fatty Acids at the Crossroad between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: Fine Regulators of Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Immune Response

Cornò

Varì

Scazzocchio

et al. 2021

Cells

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the major threatening diseases worldwide, being the third most common cancer, and a leading cause of death, with a global incidence expected to increase in the coming years. Enhanced adiposity, particularly visceral fat, is a major risk factor for the development of several tumours, including CRC, and represents an important indicator of incidence, survival, prognosis, recurrence rates, and response to therapy. The obesity-associated low-grade chronic inflammation is thought to be a key determinant in CRC development, with the adipocytes and the adipose tissue (AT) playing a significant role in the integration of diet-related endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory signals. Furthermore, AT infiltrating immune cells contribute to local and systemic inflammation by affecting immune and cancer cell functions through the release of soluble mediators. Among the factors introduced with diet and enriched in AT, fatty acids (FA) represent major players in inflammation and are able to deeply regulate AT homeostasis and immune cell function through gene expression regulation and by modulating the activity of several transcription factors (TF). This review summarizes human studies on the effects of dietary FA on AT homeostasis and immune cell functions, highlighting the molecular pathways and TF involved. The relevance of FA balance in linking diet, AT inflammation, and CRC is also discussed. Original and review articles were searched in PubMed without temporal limitation up to March 2021, by using fatty acid as a keyword in combination with diet, obesity, colorectal cancer, inflammation, adipose tissue, immune cells, and transcription factors.

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Section: Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue Homeostasissupporting

confidence: 72%

Dietary Fatty Acids at the Crossroad between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: Fine Regulators of Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Immune Response

Cornò

Varì

Scazzocchio

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…EPA and DHA are known to play a key role in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, and other inflammatory and autoimune disorders. For example, De Souza et al [70] evaluated the effect of fish oil supplementation (1.44 g EPA + 0.96g DHA/day) 9 for 8 weeks in overweight/obese type 2 diabetes patients and observed a reduction of inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and an improvement of insulin sensitivity. This data corroborated those found by Moghadam et al [71] that observed reduction of the serum CRP, IL-2 and TNF-α concentrations in type 2 diabetes patients after 8 weeks of EPA and DHA supplementation (1.548 g EPA + 0.828 g DHA + 0.338 gother omega 3 fatty acids/day).…”

Section: Evidence Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation On Inflammatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with COVID-19

Rogero

Leão

Santana

et al. 2020

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

144

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Studies have shown that infection, excessive coagulation, cytokine storm, leukopenia, lymphopenia, hypoxemia and oxidative stress have also been observed in critically ill Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients in addition to the onset symptoms. There are still no approved drugs or vaccines. Dietary supplements could possibly improve the patient's recovery. Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), present an anti-inflammatory effect that could ameliorate some patients need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. EPA and DHA replace arachidonic acid (ARA) in the phospholipid membranes. When oxidized by enzymes, EPA and DHA contribute to the synthesis of less inflammatory eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins, maresins and protectins. This reduces inflammation. In contrast, some studies have reported that EPA and DHA can make cell membranes more susceptible to non-enzymatic oxidation mediated by reactive oxygen species, leading to the formation of potentially toxic oxidation products and increasing the oxidative stress. Although the inflammatory resolution improved by EPA and DHA could contribute to the recovery of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation cannot be recommended before randomized and controlled trials are carried out.

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“…Although we did not find diet or supplementation effects on circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, evidence has shown that DHA/EPA may play an anti-inflammatory role in the periphery. Souza et al showed that 8 weeks of n-3 supplementation decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels after HFD (46) . Also, Candido et al showed a protective effect of n-3 in decreasing IL-6 in rats fed with HFD after 2 months of supplementation (47) .…”

Section: Dha/epa Does Not Ameliorate Metabolic Dysfunction and Inflam...mentioning

confidence: 99%

DHA/EPA supplementation decreases anxiety-like behaviour, but it does not ameliorate metabolic profile in obese male rats

et al. 2021

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Obesity is a major public health problem that predisposes to several diseases and higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Obesity also generates neuroinflammation, which predisposes to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Since there is a lack of effective treatments for obesity, the search for new strategies to reverse its consequences is urgent. In this perspective, the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA/EPA might reduce the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we used the cafeteria diet model to induce obesity in Wistar rats. Animals received ultra-processed food for 20 weeks, and DHA/EPA supplementation (500mg/Kg/day) was performed between the 16th and the 20th week. At the end of the experiment, it was evaluated: body weight, visceral fat deposition, plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and it was also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and liver, and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex. The elevated plus-maze test was performed to analyze anxiety-like behaviour. Our results demonstrated that DHA/EPA could not reverse weight and fat gain and did not modify plasma dosages. However, there was a decrease in IL-6 in the liver (DHA/EPA effect: p = 0.023) and TNF-α in the brain (CAF compared to CAF+DHA/EPA, p < 0.05). Also, there was a decrease in the anxiety index in CAF+DHA/EPA compared to the CAF group (p < 0.01). Thus, DHA/EPA supplementation is helpful to reverse the consequences of obesity in the brain.

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Fish oil reduces subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherogenic factors in overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A pre-post pilot study

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Dietary Fatty Acids at the Crossroad between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: Fine Regulators of Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Immune Response

Dietary Fatty Acids at the Crossroad between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: Fine Regulators of Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Immune Response

Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with COVID-19

DHA/EPA supplementation decreases anxiety-like behaviour, but it does not ameliorate metabolic profile in obese male rats

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