Five decades of GSI superheavy element discoveries and chemical investigation

Düllmann, Ch. E.; Block, M.; Heßberger, F. P.; Khuyagbaatar, J.; Kindler, B.; Kratz, Jens Volker; Lommel, B.; Münzenberg, G.; Pershina, V.; Renisch, Dennis; Schädel, M.; Yakushev, A.

doi:10.1515/ract-2022-0015

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Both these facilities, as well as the others in the field at present (RIKEN [101] and GSI [102]) have been using sophisticated gas-filled recoil separators first proposed by Albert Ghiorso [103]. In these devices the newly produced isotope recoils out of the back of the thin target into a low-pressure gas (of the order of 0.1 torr) where the ion repeatedly suffers charge-changing collisions with the residual helium gas.…”

Section: Cyclotrons In Transuranic Element Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-power Fixed-Field Accelerators

et al. 2023

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We report the state of the field of High-Power Fixed-Field Accelerators (with an emphasis on cyclotrons) as discussed by international experts during a three-day workshop of the same name in 2021. The workshop was part of the Snowmass'21 Community Planning Exercise. Here, we take stock of the world inventory of high-power fixed-field accelerators, assess available beam currents and beam powers, and investigate limitations. Furthermore, we evaluate the role of these machines in particle physics, directly used or as injectors to other machines, and in industry, as drivers for (medical) isotope production and, potentially, for accelerator-driven systems and sub-critical reactors. Finally, we discuss novel concepts and cutting-edge developments to push the available current higher at several energy scales, thereby increasing relative power. Highlights include new spiral inflector types, direct RFQ injection, H2 + acceleration, utilizing vortex motion, and self-extraction schemes. We also discuss modern computational frameworks to optimize accelerators more efficiently, and better describe the relevant physical processes in simulations.

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Section: Cyclotrons In Transuranic Element Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-power Fixed-Field Accelerators

et al. 2023

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“…In the past decades, several research centres played crucial roles to advance the production and study of superheavy elements. We focus here on the program at GSI Darmstadt, Germany, where SHE studies have been a pillar of the research program for decades (a recent overview highlighting element discovery and chemical studies can be found in [7]) and also a lively nuclear spectroscopy program has been continuously conducted, see e.g. [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status and developments of target production for research on heavy and superheavy nuclei and elements

et al. 2023

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We give an overview of the special challenges regarding target development and production for accelerator-based heavy and superheavy-nuclei experiments in the past and perspectives for the future. Production of ever heavier elements, studies of heavy-element production in fusion or transfer reactions, spectroscopic investigations on their nuclear structure and decay and on the fission processes with fragment analyses, laser spectroscopic studies of their atomic structure, high-precision mass measurements as well as chemical studies are lively fields of current science. The ever-increasing beam intensities, feasible with new accelerator development, are crucial for the synthesis of superheavy elements because of the low cross sections for many of the reactions. Therefore, the development of target and backing materials with higher durability and experiment lifetime is increasingly important. Here we concentrate on the techniques necessary for the production of targets that are needed for experiments in this special field of interest. For the future, also development on target monitoring, target cooling, and beam intensity profile shaping techniques will play an important role, but are not in the focus of this article.

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“…One of the biggest challenges in low-energy nuclear physics is the synthesis and study of new superheavy nuclei (SHN). Systematic experimental research performed over the past 30 years has finally led, with the discovery of element 118, oganesson, to the completion of the 7th row of the periodic table [1][2][3][4][5]. Unfortunately, experimental attempts to go beyond Og have not been successful so far [2,[6][7][8][9], mainly due to the extremely low production cross sections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systematic experimental research performed over the past 30 years has finally led, with the discovery of element 118, oganesson, to the completion of the 7th row of the periodic table [1][2][3][4][5]. Unfortunately, experimental attempts to go beyond Og have not been successful so far [2,[6][7][8][9], mainly due to the extremely low production cross sections. Many theoretical models have been developed aiming at describing the SHN synthesis process (see, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fusion-by-Diffusion model as a tool to calculate cross sections for the production of superheavy nuclei

2022

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This article summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the reaction mechanisms leading to the formation of superheavy nuclei in cold and hot fusion reactions. Calculations are done within the Fusion-by-Diffusion (FBD) model using the new nuclear data tables by Jachimowicz et al. (At Data Nucl Data Tables 138, 101393, 2021). The synthesis reaction is treated in a standard way as a three-step process (i.e., capture, fusion, and survival). Each reaction step is analysed separately. Model calculations are compared with selected experimental data on capture, fissionlike and fusion cross sections, fusion probabilities, and evaporation residue excitation functions. The role of the angular momentum in the fusion step is discussed in detail. A set of fusion excitation functions with corresponding fusion probabilities is provided for cold and hot synthesis reactions.

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Five decades of GSI superheavy element discoveries and chemical investigation

Cited by 13 publications

References 141 publications

High-power Fixed-Field Accelerators

High-power Fixed-Field Accelerators

Status and developments of target production for research on heavy and superheavy nuclei and elements

The Fusion-by-Diffusion model as a tool to calculate cross sections for the production of superheavy nuclei

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