Five methods for computing significant individual client change and improvement rates: Support for an individual growth curve approach.

Speer, David C.; Greenbaum, Paul E.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.6.1044

Cited by 179 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Mean values were computed from the eight abstinent ratings of each withdrawal measure, whereas empirical Bayes estimates of linear slope (Oberfeld & Franke, 2013;Speer & Greenbaum, 1995) were computed from all nine ratings (baseline plus the eight abstinent ratings) of each withdrawal measure. To test the main effects of abstinence, dependent sample t tests compared mean abstinent values to nonabstinent baseline values, and one-sample t tests evaluated slope values for significant departure from zero.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Significance of Early Smoking Withdrawal Effects and Their Relationships With Nicotine Metabolism: Preliminary Results From a Pilot Study

Hendricks¹,

Delucchi²,

Benowitz³

et al. 2013

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Significance of Early Smoking Withdrawal Effects and Their Relationships With Nicotine Metabolism: Preliminary Results From a Pilot Study

Hendricks¹,

Delucchi²,

Benowitz³

et al. 2013

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…This index determines the probability of substantial individual change and avoids the problem of regression to the mean. Based on the scale reliability and the 95 % confidence interval (CI) of the mean score at T0, the index computes whether a significant change has occurred between T0 and T1 (Speer and Greenbaum 1995). The sum of the binary scores created an overall score of physical functional decline.…”

Section: Physical Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-6 predicts short-term global functional decline in the oldest old: results from the BELFRAIL study

Adriaensen

Matheï

Vaes

et al. 2014

AGE

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The chronic inflammatory state at old age may contribute to the pathophysiology of or reflect chronic conditions resulting in loss of physical and mental functioning. Therefore, our objective was to examine the predictive value of a large battery of serum inflammatory markers as risk indicators for global functional decline and its specific physical and mental determinants in the oldest old. Global functional decline and specific aspects of physical and mental functional decline were assessed during an average of 1.66 years (±0.21) in a sample of 303 persons aged 80 years or older of the BELFRAIL study. Serum levels of 14 inflammatory proteins, including cytokines, growth factors, and acute phase proteins, were measured at baseline. Almost 20 % of the participants had a significant global functional decline over time. Interleukin (IL)-6 serum levels were uniquely positively associated with global functional decline, even after correcting for multiple confounders (odds ratio 1.51). Odds ratios for the individual aspects (physical dependency, physical performance, cognition, and depression) of functioning were lower, and composite scores of physical or mental decline were not significant. The proportion of global functional decline exhibited a dose-response curve with increasing levels of IL-6. Thus, IL-6 is an independent risk indicator for accelerated global functional decline in the oldest old. Our results suggest that simple serum levels of IL-6 may be very useful in short-term identification or evaluation of global functional status in the oldest old.

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“…In contrast, effect sizes for differences in response coherence were all large. This discrepancy in effect sizes may reflect well-documented advantages of growth curve modeling, which HLM uses in the Level 1 models, over more traditional approaches to evaluating group differences in repeated measures over time (e.g., Rogosa, Brandt, & Zimowski, 1982;Speer & Greenbaum, 1995). If this is the case, evaluations of response coherence using multilevel modeling may offer an advantage over traditional methods in differentiating among clinical groups using physiological markers.…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation of sad facial expressions and autonomic nervous system responding in boys with disruptive behavior disorders

2007

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Although deficiencies in emotional responding have been linked to externalizing behaviors in children, little is known about how discrete response systems (e.g., expressive, physiological) are coordinated during emotional challenge among these youth. We examined time-linked correspondence of sad facial expressions and autonomic reactivity during an empathy-eliciting task among boys with disruptive behavior disorders (n = 31) and controls (n = 23). For controls, sad facial expressions were associated with reduced sympathetic (lower skin conductance level, lengthened cardiac preejection period [PEP]) and increased parasympathetic (higher respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) activity. In contrast, no correspondence between facial expressions and autonomic reactivity was observed among boys with conduct problems. Furthermore, low correspondence between facial expressions and PEP predicted externalizing symptom severity, whereas low correspondence between facial expressions and RSA predicted internalizing symptom severity. KeywordsConduct problems; Disruptive behavior; Facial expression; Sadness; Autonomic reactivity Conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), jointly labeled as disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) in the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), are among the most common mental health problems facing youth (Achenbach & Howell, 1993;Knitzer, Steinberg, & Fleisch, 1991). There is now a growing body of literature suggesting that children and adolescents with DBDs have difficulties with several domains of empathic responding, including emotional processing and self-appraisals of emotional experiences (de Wied, Goudena, & Matthys, 2005;Douglas & Strayer, 1996;Herpertz et al., 2005;Strand & Nowicki, 1999). However, other components of empathic responding such as displays of sad facial expressions and autonomic reactivity have only begun to receive empirical attention (Blair, 1999;de Wied et al., 2005;Douglas & Strayer, 1996;Herpertz et al., 2005).Functionalist theories of emotion suggests that the synchronization of emotional response systems plays a critical role in emotional health and that desynchronization contributes to the emergence and maintenance of psychopathology (see Ekman, 1992;Kring, Kerr, Smith, & Neale, 1993;Levenson, 1994;Mauss, Levenson, McCarter, Wilhelm, & Gross, 2005;Sloan, Strauss, Quirk, & Sajatovic, 1997). According to this perspective, as emotions unfold over time, the coordination of emotional appraisal, expressive behavior, and physiological responses should improve the reliability and precision of emotion cues and promote efficient behavioral and social responses (Levenson, 1994 (Feldman-Barrett, 2006), with some authors finding low to moderate correlations between experiential, behavioral, and physiological response domains (Buck, 1977;Gross & Levenson, 1993,1997Kettunen, Ravaja, Näätänen, Keltikangas-Jarvinen, 2000;Lanzetta, Cartwright-Smith, & Kleck, 1976;Mauss et al., 2005), others reporting discrepancies in the direction of effects (Notar...

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Five methods for computing significant individual client change and improvement rates: Support for an individual growth curve approach.

Cited by 179 publications

References 11 publications

Clinical Significance of Early Smoking Withdrawal Effects and Their Relationships With Nicotine Metabolism: Preliminary Results From a Pilot Study

Clinical Significance of Early Smoking Withdrawal Effects and Their Relationships With Nicotine Metabolism: Preliminary Results From a Pilot Study

Interleukin-6 predicts short-term global functional decline in the oldest old: results from the BELFRAIL study

Dissociation of sad facial expressions and autonomic nervous system responding in boys with disruptive behavior disorders

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