Five Years of Designing Wireless Sensor Networks in the Doñana Biological Reserve (Spain): An Applications Approach

The analysis and classification of the sounds produced by certain animal species, notably anurans, have revealed these amphibians to be a potentially strong indicator of temperature fluctuations and therefore of the existence of climate change. Environmental monitoring systems using Wireless Sensor Networks are therefore of interest to obtain indicators of global warming. For the automatic classification of the sounds recorded on such systems, the proper representation of the sound spectrum is essential since it contains the information required for cataloguing anuran calls. The present paper focuses on this process of feature extraction by exploring three alternatives: the standardized MPEG-7, the Filter Bank Energy (FBE), and the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). Moreover, various values for every option in the extraction of spectrum features have been considered. Throughout the paper, it is shown that representing the frame spectrum with pure FBE offers slightly worse results than using the MPEG-7 features. This performance can easily be increased, however, by rescaling the FBE in a double dimension: vertically, by taking the logarithm of the energies; and, horizontally, by applying mel scaling in the filter banks. On the other hand, representing the spectrum in the cepstral domain, as in MFCC, has shown additional marginal improvements in classification performance.

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“…for the description of the climate in which the identification is carried out. In Figure 2 , a typical terminal node is shown [ 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Representation of Anuran Call Spectrum in Environmental Monitoring Systems Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Sendra

Gómez-Bellido

Carrasco

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…WSNs have been proven successfully in the Doñana Biological Reserve (Southern Spain) for monitoring this habitat. In [ 4 ], a review is presented of the work developed during the last five years, demonstrating the potential of using machine learning because of the amount of useful information supplied to biologists.…”

Section: Applications Based On Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors and Technologies in Spain: State-of-the-Art

Pajares

2014

Sensors

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“…Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [8] have been a great step forward with this problem [9]. This technology has allowed scientists to do their research in a more automatic and efficient way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous LoRa-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network Multiprocessor Platform for Environmental Monitoring

García

Larios

Barbancho

et al. 2019

Sensors

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The acquisition of data in protected natural environments is subordinated to actions that do not stress the life-forms present in that environment. This is why researchers face two conflicting interests: autonomous and robust systems that minimize the physical interaction with sensors once installed, and complex enough ones to capture and process higher volumes of data. On the basis of this situation, this paper analyses the current state-of-the-art of wireless multimedia sensor networks, identifying the limitations and needs of these solutions. In this sense, in order to improve the trade-off between autonomous and computational capabilities, this paper proposes a heterogeneous multiprocessor sensor platform, consisting of an ultra-low power microcontroller and a high-performance processor, which transfers control between processors as needed. This architecture allows the shutdown of idle systems and fail-safe remote reprogramming. The sensor equipment can be adapted to the needs of the project. The deployed equipment incorporates, in addition to environmental meteorological variables, a microphone input and two cameras (visible and thermal) to capture multimedia data. In addition to the hardware description, the paper provides a brief description of how long-range (LoRa) can be used for sending large messages (such as an image or a new firmware), an economic analysis of the platform, and a study on energy consumption of the platform according to different use cases.

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Five Years of Designing Wireless Sensor Networks in the Doñana Biological Reserve (Spain): An Applications Approach

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Optimal Representation of Anuran Call Spectrum in Environmental Monitoring Systems Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Optimal Representation of Anuran Call Spectrum in Environmental Monitoring Systems Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors and Technologies in Spain: State-of-the-Art

Heterogeneous LoRa-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network Multiprocessor Platform for Environmental Monitoring

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