“…Theoretical modeling approaches have been reported for the middle ear mechanics in normal (e.g., Wada et al 1992, Sun et al 2002, Gan et al 2006, Gentil et al 2011, diseased (e.g. Dai et al 2007, Gan et al 2009, Zhao et al 2009) and reconstructed (e.g., Ladak and Funnell 1996, Zahnert et al 1997, Prendergast et al 1999, Koike et al 2000, Ferris and Prendergast 2000, Kelly et al 2003, Yao et al 2012 states. However, it is difficult to validate these models.…”