FLAGSHIPS: Deploying Two Hydrogen Vessels in Europe – Design Phase

Mikkola, Jyrki; Bellot, Alexandre; Haxhiu, Arber; Angrisani, Maria Luisa; Laravoire, Victor; Sæter, Hilde Kristin; Berg, P. F.

doi:10.5957/smc-2021-028

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The FLAGSHIPS project aims to take zero-emission waterborne transport to an entirely new level by deploying two commercially operated hydrogen fuel cell vessels by 2023. The demo vessels include the world's first commercial cargo transport vessel operating on hydrogen, plying the river Seine in Paris [8]. The HFC MARINE project aims to use hydrogen and fuel cells for marine applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Liquid Hydrogen-Fueled Hybrid Electric Ship Propulsion System

Jung,

Chang

2023

JMSE

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This study proposed a deep reinforcement learning-based energy management strategy (DRL-EMS) that can be applied to a hybrid electric ship propulsion system (HSPS) integrating liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel gas supply system (FGSS), proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and lithium-ion battery systems. This study analyzed the optimized performance of the DRL-EMS and the operational strategy of the LH2-HSPS. To train the proposed DRL-EMS, a reward function was defined based on fuel consumption and degradation of power sources during operation. Fuel consumption for ship propulsion was estimated with the power for balance of plant (BOP) of the LH2 FGSS and PEMFC system. DRL-EMS demonstrated superior global and real-time optimality compared to benchmark algorithms, namely dynamic programming (DP) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP)-based EMS. For various operation cases not used in training, DRL-EMS resulted in 0.7% to 9.2% higher operating expenditure compared to DP-EMS. Additionally, DRL-EMS was trained to operate 60% of the total operation time in the maximum efficiency range of the PEMFC system. Different hydrogen fuel costs did not affect the optimized operational strategy although the operating expenditure (OPEX) was dependent on the hydrogen fuel cost. Different capacities of the battery system did not considerably change the OPEX.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Liquid Hydrogen-Fueled Hybrid Electric Ship Propulsion System

Jung,

Chang

2023

JMSE

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“…Compared to these combustion engines, fuel cells offer a quick power ramp rates and start up times. For example, a commercial 200kW fuel cell unit can ramp its output power from idle level to the full load one in less than 10 seconds, with a power rate of 20kW/s [21]. This is seen to be one of the merits behind the utilization of fuel cells compared to combustion engines, in which around a minute is required in order to reach the full load [22].…”

Section: Impacts Of Fuel Cell's Behaviour On Marine Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Power Integration Schemes of the Hybrid Fuel Cells and Batteries-Fed Marine Vessels—An Overview

Haxhiu

Abdelhakim²,

Kanerva

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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Transportation electrification is undergoing a significant transitioning towards the utilization of efficient and reliable energy sources and smart integration schemes, where this transitioning is continuously facing ever-tightening challenges in order to comply with the increased environmental regulations. Among the different means of transportation, the global maritime transport is responsible for 2-3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and it is predicted to increase to 17% by 2050 if no changes are adapted. Hence, the international maritime organization (IMO) has targeted to reach a 50% reduction in GHG emissions by 2050 compared to 2008. Hence, alternative energy sources shall be utilized in order to meet these strict GHG emissions reduction targets, where batteries and hydrogen-fed fuel cells can play a vital role in such aspect. Since the output of these two energy sources is unregulated DC voltage, their connection to the whole ship power system can be accomplished in several ways, where each way has its features, in addition to utilizing different power conditioning stages (PCSs), and these features are not well clarified and compared in the literature. Hence, this paper presents an overview of the possible integration schemes that can be utilized in fuel cells and batteries-fed vessels, which is supported with a comparative assessment. This is also presented along with highlighting the state-of-the-art PCSs that are available in the market and can be utilized in these integration schemes within marine vessels. Such overview and comparative assessment are seen to be of significant importance and added value for researchers and developers in both the academic and industrial sides in order to accelerate the adoption of fuel cells in marine systems for zero emission shipping.

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“…The first ship operated on the Seine River in Paris, France (ZULU) is a self-propelled barge powered by a 2 × 200 kW PEM fuel cell system with a 350 kg hydrogen produced from electrolysis stored at a 300 bar compressed tank. ZULU will carry the cargo in the shape of containers and pallets [142]. The other ship operated on the river Rhine between Rotterdam in Netherlands and Duisburg in Germany (FPS Waal-Formerly named Fenny 1) is a 200 TEU container cargo ship powered by a hybrid system including PEM fuel cell system, battery, and electric motor.…”

Section: Flagships (2019-2023)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Cell Systems for Maritime: A Review of Research Development, Commercial Products, Applications, and Perspectives

Elkafas

Rivarolo²,

Gadducci³

et al. 2022

Processes

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The ambitious targets set by the International Maritime Organization for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from shipping require radical actions by all relevant stakeholders. In this context, the interest in high efficiency and low emissions (even zero in the case of hydrogen) fuel cell technology for maritime applications has been rising during the last decade, pushing the research developed by academia and industries. This paper aims to present a comparative review of the fuel cell systems suitable for the maritime field, focusing on PEMFC and SOFC technologies. This choice is due to the spread of these fuel cell types concerning the other ones in the maritime field. The following issues are analyzed in detail: (i) the main characteristics of fuel cell systems; (ii) the available technology suppliers; (iii) international policies for fuel cells onboard ships; (iv) past and ongoing projects at the international level that aim to assess fuel cell applications in the maritime industry; (v) the possibility to apply fuel cell systems on different ship types. This review aims to be a reference and a guide to state both the limitations and the developing potential of fuel cell systems for different maritime applications.

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FLAGSHIPS: Deploying Two Hydrogen Vessels in Europe – Design Phase

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Liquid Hydrogen-Fueled Hybrid Electric Ship Propulsion System

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Liquid Hydrogen-Fueled Hybrid Electric Ship Propulsion System

Electric Power Integration Schemes of the Hybrid Fuel Cells and Batteries-Fed Marine Vessels—An Overview

Fuel Cell Systems for Maritime: A Review of Research Development, Commercial Products, Applications, and Perspectives

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