Flame‐retardant and thermal degradation mechanisms of melamine polyphosphate in combination with aluminum phosphinate in glass fabric‐reinforced epoxy resin

Abstract

A system based on a nitrogen–phosphorous flame retardant, melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and aluminum phosphinate (OP), was employed to flame‐retard glass fabric‐reinforced epoxy resin composites (GFEP). Surface modification was adopted to effectively solve the aggregation of MPP and OP particles in EP matrix during the curing process. The flammability characteristics and synergistic effect have been studied by using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL94) tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The flame resistance tests indicated that the synergism system with an optimized ratio achieved UL94 V‐0 (1.6 mm) rating and the LOI value of 33.5%. The chemical composition and structure of residue were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy. It is concluded that the synergistic system having a balance of nitrogen element and phosphorous element accelerate the carbonation of EP resin, which was in favor of the construction of compact and continuous charring structure, thus obtaining satisfactory flame retardance. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3199–3208, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

The Preparation and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Composites with Chitin-Based Intumescent Flame Retardants

“…The second step resulted in the decomposition of PLA matrix. In the case of the A2C1M1 sample, it also revealed a two-step degradation pathway, but the first step was amplified because of the sublimation of MEL around 300 • C [37]. Compared with the neat PLA sample, the TGA curves of all the PLA composites containing flame retardants were shifted to a lower temperature zone, below 400 • C, suggesting that the incorporation of chitin-based IFRs accelerated the decomposition of polymeric materials.…”

Function of chitosan in aDOPO‐based flame retardant modified epoxy resin

“…27 The peak at 1250 cm À1 was assigned to Ph O C and/or P═O, the peak at 1130 cm À1 was contributed to Ph P, 38,39 these characteristic peaks were observed only in the spectra of EP/PDE and EP/PDE-CS, indicating that phosphorus compounds derived from PDE were transferred into the gas phase during thermal decomposition. In addition, the peaks at 2970 cm À1 were attributed to C H, 40,41 and the peaks at 1605 and 1510 cm À1 were assigned to aromatic ring. 38,40 Phosphorus-containing substances appeared in the pyrolysis gases of PDE modified EP samples generated a positive flame-retardant effect in gas phase during the combustion.…”

Investigations on Epoxy-Carbamate Foams Modified with Different Flame Retardants for High-Performance Applications

“…Melamine phosphate (MP) is also known for its radical scavenger effects while decomposition. In addition, melamine compounds are known to show positive effects with other flame retardants [36,37]. Table 5 summarizes the tested formulations with their density as well as morphology and compression properties.…”