Flame-retardant mechanism of a novel polymeric intumescent flame retardant containing caged bicyclic phosphate for polypropylene

Lai, Xuejun; Tang, Shuang; Li, Hongqiang

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.01.009

Cited by 128 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The peaks at 2912 and 2853 cm −1 are associated with the stretching vibration of CH 2 . It is worth noting that the absorption peaks at 1137 and 1372 cm −1 belong to the vibration of P―N―(C) and tr‐N, respectively …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus‐containing charring‐foaming agent and its application in polypropylene

Zhu

Cui

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus‐containing triazine derivative (HPCFA) is synthesized. HPCFA is used as charring‐foaming agent and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as intumescent flame retardant to flame retard polypropylene (PP). PP/HPCFA/APP composite can achieve limited oxygen index value of 31% and pass UL 94V‐0 rating by addition of 20 wt% HPCFA/APP (1/2, w/w). Besides, HPCFA is compared with another hyperbranched charring‐foaming agent (HCFA). HPCFA and HCFA have similar chemical structure, and their only difference is that HPCFA has phosphorus‐containing unit in the main chain compared with HCFA. HPCFA/APP system exhibits superior flame retardancy compared with HCFA/APP system. Char residue analysis demonstrates that HPCFA/APP system can form denser and more compact char layer in comparison with that of HCFA/APP system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus‐containing charring‐foaming agent and its application in polypropylene

Zhu

Cui

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…In particular, the damage to human life becomes serious because PP always produces CO during combustion [9][10][11][12]. To reduce flammability and release of CO, the addition of flame retardants is an effective way [13][14][15][16][17]. Moreover, it is well known, to improve the strength and poor toughness of PP, the reinforcing and toughening agents are necessary additives [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System

2017

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Abstract:In order to comprehensively improve the strength, toughness, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP), layered double hydroxide (LDH) Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH was synthesized by a coprecipitation method coupled with the microwave-hydrothermal treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphology, mechanical, thermal, and fire properties for PP composites containing 1 wt %-20 wt % Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH were investigated. The cone calorimeter tests confirm that the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) of PP-20%LDH was decreased to 500 kW/m 2 from the 1057 kW/m 2 of PP. The pk-HRR, average mass loss rate (AMLR) and effective heat of combustion (EHC) analysis indicates that the condensed phase fire retardant mechanism of Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH in the composites. The production rate and mean release yield of CO for composites gradually decrease as Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH increases in the PP matrix. Thermal analysis indicates that the decomposition temperature for PP-5%LDH and PP-10%LDH is 34 • C higher than that of the pure PP. The mechanical tests reveal that the tensile strength of PP-1%LDH is 7.9 MPa higher than that of the pure PP. Furthermore, the elongation at break of PP-10%LDH is 361% higher than PP. In this work, the synthetic LDH Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH can be used as a flame retardant, smoke suppressant, thermal stabilizer, reinforcing, and toughening agent of PP products.

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“…The addition of ISCP decreased the initial degradation temperature, that's because P-O bonds of ISCP were prone to cracking at the heating process firstly, then phosphorus units removed from EP and volatilized into gaseous phase resulting in lower temperature. TGA tests revealed that during the combustion, ISCP could generate the phosphorus-containing radicals and inhibit the propagation of flame [7]. The elimination of non-flammable gas and the formation of continuous intumescent char could improve flame retardancy of EP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Spirocyclic Halogen-Free Flame Retardant: Synthesis and Flammability Characteristics in Epoxy Resin Composites

Li¹,

Liu²,

Zhao³

2015

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Technology

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Abstract. A novel spirocyclic halogen-free flame retardant ISCP was successfully synthesized, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR, 1 H NMR, and 31 P NMR. Results of LOI, UL-94, and CONE tests demonstrated that the ISCP effectively enhanced flame retardancy of EP composites, which could improve the LOI value from 19.5 to 36.8, pass the UL-94 V-0 rating when 20 wt.% ISCP was added, and CONE tests suggested that ISCP could decrease the PHRR and THR remarkably. TGA tests revealed that during the combustion, ISCP could increase the amount of residual char. SEM morphologies indicated that ISCP greatly facilitated the char-forming process and generated uniform and compact intumescent char layer, leading to EP with improved flame retardancy.

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Flame-retardant mechanism of a novel polymeric intumescent flame retardant containing caged bicyclic phosphate for polypropylene

Cited by 128 publications

References 34 publications

Synthesis of a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus‐containing charring‐foaming agent and its application in polypropylene

Synthesis of a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus‐containing charring‐foaming agent and its application in polypropylene

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System

A Novel Spirocyclic Halogen-Free Flame Retardant: Synthesis and Flammability Characteristics in Epoxy Resin Composites

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