Flame-Retardant Polymer Materials Developed by Reactive Extrusion: Present Status and Future Perspectives

Vahabi, Henri; Laoutid, Fouad; Formela, Krzysztof; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Dubois, Philippe

doi:10.1080/15583724.2022.2052897

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The results correspond to those of DSC, which show that the addition of phosphorus-containing flame retardants makes PET crystallization difficult, and then, the toughness of the polymer increases. Compared with FRPET, the addition of DOPO-POSS has little change in tensile strength at low dosages because it has better compatibility with the matrix under this condition . When the amount of DOPO-POSS increases to 7 wt % or above, the cage structure of DOPO-POSS increases the spacing of FRPET molecular chains, which decreases the interaction forces between the molecules and then generates stress concentration points during the stretching process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with FRPET, the addition of DOPO-POSS has little change in tensile strength at low dosages because it has better compatibility with the matrix under this condition. 46 When the amount of DOPO-POSS increases to 7 wt % or above, the cage structure of DOPO-POSS increases the spacing of FRPET molecular chains, which decreases the interaction forces between the molecules and then generates stress concentration points during the stretching process. The stress concentration points will lead to a significant decrease in the tensile strength and elongation at break of the DOPO-POSS/FRPET composite ( Table 6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

et al. 2022

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In this study, an antidroplet flame retardant system based on FRPET (phosphorus-containing copolyester) is constructed with DOPO-POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing DOPO) as an additive flame retardant. It is demonstrated that DOPO-POSS has good dispersibility at a lower amount. When the amount of DOPO-POSS is 9 wt %, the residual char of DOPO-POSS/FRPET at 700 °C increases to 23.56 from 18.16% of FRPET, and the maximum thermal weight loss rate also reduces. What is more is that the limiting oxygen index increases to 33 from 26% of FRPET. The flame burning time is shortened to 4.95 from 20.8 s, the phenomenon of self-extinguishing of the fire occurs, and the vertical combustion level is increased from V-2 to V-0. Compared with FRPET, the peak of the heat release rate decreases by 66.0%, the total heat release decreases by 32.4%, the flame retardancy index (FRI) reaches an excellent value, and the condensed-phase products significantly improve. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy−energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM−EDX), thermogravimetric−FTIR (TG−FTIR), and pyrolysis−gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (Py−GC/MS) results indicate that DOPO-POSS contributes to the formation of char layers and decomposes to generate free radicals with a quenching effect. In a word, DOPO-POSS is an effective radical trapper and charring agent for PET and exerts a flame retardancy effect in gaseous and condensed phases simultaneously.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

et al. 2022

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“…In the final analysis, the methods to improve the flame retardancy of polymer materials can be divided into two types: materials design and materials processing. In general, flame retardants are added to polymer materials to improve the flame retardancy of polymer materials . The flame retardant systems mainly include mineral flame retardants, − halogen flame retardants, nitrogen flame retardants, − silicone flame retardants, − bio-based flame retardants − and phosphorus flame retardants. − Among them, a mineral flame retardant needs to be added in a large amount to achieve a flame retardant effect, which will have a certain influence on other properties of materials and halogen flame retardants are prohibited in many fields because of their high toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is mainly due to the higher shear stress generated on materials and a more efficient heat and mass transfer of screw extruders compared to piston extruders. Melt compounding via screw extrusion is an efficient technique for the preparation of novel polymer blends and composites . Therefore, we chose a twin-screw extruder to mix the composites fully and uniformly before sample preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Bifunctional Additives with both Flame Retardant Properties and Antistatic Properties via ATRP

et al. 2022

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Polystyrene (PS) is widely used in our daily life, but it is flammable and produces a large number of toxic gases and hightemperature flue gases in the combustion process, which limit its application. Improving the flame retardancy of PS has become an urgent problem to be solved. In addition, in view of the disadvantage that small-molecule flame retardants can easily migrate from polymers during use, which leads to the gradual reduction of the flame retardant effect or even loss of flame retardant performance, and the outstanding advantages of ATRP technology in polymer structure design and function customization, we used ATRP technology to synthesize the high-molecular-weight bifunctional additive PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEAEMA, which has flame retardant properties and antistatic properties. The chemical structure and molecular weight of PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEAEMA were characterized by FTIR, 1 H NMR, GPC, and XPS. When the addition of PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEAEMA was 15 wt %, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of polystyrene composites was 28.4%, which was 53.51% higher than that of pure polystyrene, the peak of the heat release rate (pHRR) was 37.61% lower than that of pure polystyrene, UL-94 reached V-0 grade, and the flame retardant index (FRI) was 2.98. In addition, when the PFAA-DOPO-b-PDEEMA content is 15 wt %, the surface resistivity and volume resistivity of polystyrene composites are 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of polystyrene. This research work provides a reference for the design of bifunctional and even multifunctional polymers.

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Reactive Extrusion of Polymers

Tzoganakis,

Zhu,

Mai

2024

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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An extensive review of the polymer reactive extrusion (REX) literature is provided with emphasis on the use of twin‐screw extruders. Elements highlighted include innovative REX processes involving free radicals as well as catalytic reaction types. An effort is made to group all recent research activities into two broad categories. The first one includes applications of REX in the traditional area of polyolefin modifications while the second one covers numerous studies in the recently exploding area of multicomponent sustainable plastic products, including blends and composites.

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Flame-Retardant Polymer Materials Developed by Reactive Extrusion: Present Status and Future Perspectives

Cited by 13 publications

References 78 publications

Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Bifunctional Additives with both Flame Retardant Properties and Antistatic Properties via ATRP

Reactive Extrusion of Polymers

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