Flame retardant polyurethane foams with starch unit

Lubczak, Renata; Broda, Daniel; Kus‐Liśkiewicz, Małgorzata; Szczęch, Dominik; Bobko, E.; Dębska, Bernardetta; Szpiłyk, Marzena; Lubczak, Jacek

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107395

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There have been many studies focusing on the enhancement of the flame retardancy and reduction in smoke release, and the most frequently mentioned are montmorillonite [ 14 ], expandable graphite [ 15 ], carbon nanotubes [ 16 ], carbon microspheres [ 17 ], etc. Additionally, naturally occurring modified structures, e.g., lignin [ 18 ], phytic acid [ 19 ], chitosan [ 20 ], and starch [ 21 ], for the synthesis of flame retardants, have also proved to be suitable for implementation due to several hydroxyl groups. Another group of potential flame retardants are the glass-based fillers and modifiers such as hollow glass microspheres [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Sunflower Press Cake and Its Modification with Liquid Glass on Polyurethane Foam Composites: Thermal Stability, Ignitability, and Fire Resistance

et al. 2022

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Polyurethane (PUR) foams are some of the most promising thermal insulating materials because of their high flammability, but further applications are limited. Therefore, the development of flame-retardant materials with sufficient strength characteristics, water resistance, and low thermal insulating properties is of great importance to the modern building industry. This study evaluates the possibility of a vacuum-based liquid glass (LG) infusion into bio-based fillers, in this case, sunflower press cake (SFP) particles, to improve the mechanical performance, water absorption, thermal insulation, ignitability, thermal stability, and flame retardancy of the resulting polyurethane (PUR) foam composites. The main findings show that LG slightly improves the thermal stability and highly contributes to the ignitability and flame retardancy of the resulting products. Most importantly, from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, the SFP/LG filler reduces the thermal conductivity and water absorption values by up to 20% and 50%, respectively, and increases the compressive strength by up to 110%. The results obtained indicate that the proposed SFP/LG filler-modified PUR foam composites are suitable for applications as thermal insulation materials in building structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Sunflower Press Cake and Its Modification with Liquid Glass on Polyurethane Foam Composites: Thermal Stability, Ignitability, and Fire Resistance

et al. 2022

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“…The apparent density, morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the CO 2 -based FPUF were comparable to those of the conventional variety. A starch unit was used to construct the structure of the soft segment by Lubczak et al [142].…”

Section: Green Solutions For Polyurethane Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

It Takes Two to Tango: Synergistic Expandable Graphite–Phosphorus Flame Retardant Combinations in Polyurethane Foams

Chan

Schartel

2022

Polymers

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Due to the high flammability and smoke toxicity of polyurethane foams (PUFs) during burning, distinct efficient combinations of flame retardants are demanded to improve the fire safety of PUFs in practical applications. This feature article focuses on one of the most impressive halogen-free combinations in PUFs: expandable graphite (EG) and phosphorus-based flame retardants (P-FRs). The synergistic effect of EG and P-FRs mainly superimposes the two modes of action, charring and maintaining a thermally insulating residue morphology, to bring effective flame retardancy to PUFs. Specific interactions between EG and P-FRs, including the agglutination of the fire residue consisting of expanded-graphite worms, yields an outstanding synergistic effect, making this approach the latest champion to fulfill the demanding requirements for flame-retarded PUFs. Current and future topics such as the increasing use of renewable feedstock are also discussed in this article.

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“…Among diverse insulating polymers phases such as epoxy, alkyd, and polyacrylates, PUs are one of the polymers with a wide range of applications, which have versatile nature due to consisting of both hard and soft segments. Therefore, this allows PUs to be applicable for various industries in leather, coating, elastomers, adhesives, sensors, electronic components, biomedical, and others [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Recently, it has been shown that the effect between conducting polymers as fillers and insulating PUs as matrices enables increases in their properties involving processability, stability, and solubility and their thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties [ 76 ].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have outstanding properties, including excellent elasticity, elongation, high impact, tensile strength, high abrasion resistance, good weathering resistance, excellent gloss, color retention, and corrosion resistance properties [ 2 ]. The aforementioned properties allow them to find applications in a variety of industries, including leather [ 3 ], foams [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], furniture, fibers [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], elastomers [ 10 ], adhesives [ 11 ], paints [ 12 , 13 ], coatings [ 14 ], sensors [ 7 ], electronic components [ 15 ], biomedical [ 16 , 17 ], and others [ 18 , 19 ]. In spite of versatile applications, the use of standalone PU often cannot ensure that sufficient thermal and mechanical performances are attained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised Manuscript with Corrections: Polyurethane-Based Conductive Composites: From Synthesis to Applications

Choi¹,

Shin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The purpose of this review article is to outline the extended applications of polyurethane (PU)-based nanocomposites incorporated with conductive polymeric particles as well as to condense an outline on the chemistry and fabrication of polyurethanes (PUs). Additionally, we discuss related research trends of PU-based conducting materials for EMI shielding, sensors, coating, films, and foams, in particular those from the past 10 years. PU is generally an electrical insulator and behaves as a dielectric material. The electrical conductivity of PU is imparted by the addition of metal nanoparticles, and increases with the enhancing aspect ratio and ordering in structure, as happens in the case of conducting polymer fibrils or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Nanocomposites with good electrical conductivity exhibit noticeable changes based on the remarkable electric properties of nanomaterials such as graphene, RGO, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Recently, conducting polymers, including PANI, PPY, PTh, and their derivatives, have been popularly engaged as incorporated fillers into PU substrates. This review also discusses additional challenges and future-oriented perspectives combined with here-and-now practicableness.

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Flame retardant polyurethane foams with starch unit

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Impact of Sunflower Press Cake and Its Modification with Liquid Glass on Polyurethane Foam Composites: Thermal Stability, Ignitability, and Fire Resistance

Impact of Sunflower Press Cake and Its Modification with Liquid Glass on Polyurethane Foam Composites: Thermal Stability, Ignitability, and Fire Resistance

It Takes Two to Tango: Synergistic Expandable Graphite–Phosphorus Flame Retardant Combinations in Polyurethane Foams

Revised Manuscript with Corrections: Polyurethane-Based Conductive Composites: From Synthesis to Applications

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