Flammability and Thermal Characteristics of Alkaline Aqueous Solution Treated Groundnut Shell–HDPE Composites

Ishidi, E.Y.; Adamu, I.K.; Kolawale, E.G.; Sunmonu, K.O.; Yakubu, Mohammed Kabir

doi:10.1177/0892705711409550

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It was observed that values of melting temperature ( T m ), enthalpy of melting (Δ H m ), crystallization temperature ( T c ), and enthalpy of crystallization (Δ H c ) all decreased on addition of sulfur. The drop is not significant and is attributed to the effect of lack of interaction between sulfur and crystalline domain of HDPE and restriction on the segmental chain movement of HDPE upon cooling, which is imposed by the presence of sulfur …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Melt processed elemental sulfur reinforced polyethylene composites

Jena¹,

Alhassan²

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Elemental sulfur represents a largely unutilized resource for high performance materials development. In this context, elemental sulfur was investigated as reinforcing agent for high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites via extrusion. We were able to produce homogenous composites with sulfur content up to 30 wt %. Compounding was done at 1908C well above the polymerization temperature of elemental sulfur. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy showed that sulfur did not undergo chemical reaction with HDPE. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy showed that sulfur exists in its most stable allotrope, cyclooctasulfur (S 8 ). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that sulfur is present in non-orthorhombic crystal and X-ray diffraction confirms the same. Results suggest that sulfur is predominantly in its cyclooctasulfur allotrope and occupies the amorphous region of HDPE. According to TEM and SEM microscopy, the composites were of high quality, smooth and without distinguishable defects. Quality and smoothness of composites depend on the experimental parameters and sulfur loading. The addition of elemental sulfur significantly improved the elongation at break of the composites from 835 to 1202% (43% increases with 15 wt % sulfur) despite the obvious fact that HDPE possess an already impressive elongation at break quality. Such phenomena have not been reported in the literature. The improved composites would be suitable for a variety of engineering applications. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43060.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A major weight loss, starts at 420°C which end approximately at 500°C depending on sulfur composition. It is the main degradation occurred to the structure of HDPE indicating the initiation of a second degradation zone. A slow further loss of weight occurred until 900°C, indicating that there is further reaction involving char.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt processed elemental sulfur reinforced polyethylene composites

Jena¹,

Alhassan²

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Although there are many benefits, natural fiber composites also have several drawbacks, which effect their utilization in the automobile industry such as higher moisture absorption, low temperature limitations, microbe infection, inferior fire resistance, lower mechanical properties and durability, variation in quality, and price fluctuation due to seasonal harvest conditions, and the difficulty of using established manufacturing practices when compared to synthetic composites . Many researchers are working on these issues and paying special attention to improve the quality of natural fibers by surface treatments for enhanced fiber/matrix interface bonding properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Natural Fiber Composites Selection in View of Mechanical, Light Weight, and Economic Properties

Ahmad

Choi

Park

2014

Macro Materials & Eng

531

220

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In this study, the properties and application of natural fiber composites in automobile industries are discussed. Natural fibers are replacing the synthetic fibers in the various parts of automobiles due to their lightweight, low‐cost, and environmental aspects. For centuries, natural fibers have been used for making baskets, clothing, and ropes. Now the trend is changing and natural fibers such as: jute, hemp, flax, and sisal fibers are making their ways especially into the components of automobiles. Comparisons of material indices for beam and panel structures were made to investigate the possibility of using natural fiber composites instead of conventional and non‐conventional materials.

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“…8,9 For example, Sun et al 10 studied the thermal stability, flammability, and mechanical properties of the high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/EVA/expandable graphite ternary composites. Ishidi and his coauthors 11 reported the flammability and thermal properties for groundnut shell-HDPE composites. Liu et al 12 investigated the thermal stability and flame retardancy of HDPE/EVA/fullerene (C60) nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion characteristics and thermal properties of high-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer blends containing magnesium hydroxide

Chen

Liu

et al. 2016

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Magnesium hydroxide (MH) was added into high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymer blends with various MH contents (30-60 wt%) to improve the flame retardancy of HDPE/EVA blends. The flammability, morphology of charred residues, thermal stability, crystallization, and mechanical properties of HDPE/ EVA/MH composites were investigated by UL-94 test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile test. The data obtained from LOI, UL-94 test, and CCT revealed that the addition of MH provided improvements in flame retardancy by increasing the LOI values, UL-94 rating, and reducing heat release, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions along with delayed ignition with increasing the content of MH. The UL-94 V-0 rating and high LOI value were achieved with the incorporation of MH at a loading level higher than 50 wt% in HDPE/EVA blends, which suggested that the formation of intact, consolidated, and thick residue structures on the surfaces of MH-filled composites prevented the underlying polymer materials from burning. DSC results showed that the crystallinity of HDPE/EVA blends increased with increasing the content of MH, resulting in the enhancement of the strength of HDPE/EVA/MH composites. The thermal stability of HDPE/EVA blends decreased due to the addition of MH.

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Flammability and Thermal Characteristics of Alkaline Aqueous Solution Treated Groundnut Shell–HDPE Composites

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Melt processed elemental sulfur reinforced polyethylene composites

Melt processed elemental sulfur reinforced polyethylene composites

A Review: Natural Fiber Composites Selection in View of Mechanical, Light Weight, and Economic Properties

Combustion characteristics and thermal properties of high-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer blends containing magnesium hydroxide

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