Flammability and vibrational study of graphene incorporated epoxy/ramie/glass hybrid nanocomposite

Abstract

Hybrid polymer composites are vastly used in aerospace, construction, and automotive fields. This study aims to analyze the flammability and vibrational behavior of graphene incorporated epoxy/ramie/glass (ERG) hybrid nanocomposite. The samples were prepared with different weight percentage of graphene (GR) through hand layup method, followed by vacuum bag technique. The samples were analyzed for water intake, porosity, mechanical strength, fractography, vibrational property together with flammability of the material.GR addition depletes water intake and porosity by 11.5% to 5.3% and 6.2% to 2.2%, respectively. It increases hardness and flexural strength up to 25% and 41%, with a reduction in tensile property of the composites. Besides, GR nanocomposites show improved damping properties, owing to stick-slip mechanism exhibited at epoxy and GR interface. Also, GR addition declines burning rate of ERG at high concentrations since it does not score any grade in flammability test. This work found that the incorporation of GR in ERG composite enhances mechanical properties and decreases water intake. A decrease in the burning rate of the ERG composite could be achieved by incorporating graphene particles, which could be used for structural applications (car doorpanels, ballistic, and aerospace) leading to delay in burning rate of the developed composites when exposed to fire during accidents.

The effect of novel advanced method on the properties of novolac hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotube and glass fiber

“…It can be seen from Figure 9 that the improvements in tensile strength and elastic modulus reached a plateau at 2 wt% CNT concentration at different milling times. Thiyagu et al reported that an optimal limit is required due to the different physical properties of the polymer matrix and nanomaterials in their different studies 75,76 . This situation was attributed to the reinforcing effect of CNTs, which could act as load bearing and resisted deformation and fracture of the composite material.…”

“…Thiyagu et al reported that an optimal limit is required due to the different physical properties of the polymer matrix and nanomaterials in their different studies. 75,76 This situation was attributed to the reinforcing effect of CNTs, which could act as load bearing and resisted deformation and fracture of the composite material. In this context, mechanical properties initially enhanced as the CNT content increased in the nanocomposite.…”

Mechanical and vibrational study of raw and surface‐treated ramie fiber hybridized carbon fiber epoxy composites

“…NF is gaining more attention than SF due to being eco‐friendly, lightweight, inexpensive, easily handled, biodegradable, high in specific properties, nonabrasive, highly filled, low in energy consumption, skin‐friendly, carbon dioxide reducing, stiff and insulating, flexible and damping, low in density and available in a vast array of fiber categories 12,13 . Compared with other NF composites, the composite made of ramie fiber and epoxy has shown promising outcomes in producing automotive parts, ballistic applications, and door panels 14,15 . The fiber from ramie comprises 68%–76% of cellulose, 13%–16% of hemicellulose, 5% of ash, 1.9% of pectin, and 0.3% of wax 16,17 .…”

A DOPO‐based reactive flame retardant containing benzimidazole groups: Synthesis and its flame‐retardation on epoxy resin

“…Epoxy resins, being one of the significant thermosetting materials, holds a crucial position in various industrial sectors including construction, microelectronics, aerospace, and more 1–4 . This is primarily due to its outstanding adhesive and mechanical properties, remarkable chemical resistance, and superior insulation performance 5–11 . However, the highly flammable nature of epoxy resins during its application process presents a significant safety concern, thereby greatly restricting its usage 12–14 .…”

“…[1][2][3][4] This is primarily due to its outstanding adhesive and mechanical properties, remarkable chemical resistance, and superior insulation performance. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] However, the highly flammable nature of epoxy resins during its application process presents a significant safety concern, thereby greatly restricting its usage. [12][13][14] Consequently, the flame-retardant modification of epoxy resins becomes particularly imperative.…”