Flash X-ray cinematography analysis of dwell and penetration of small caliber projectiles with three types of SiC ceramics

Abstract

In order to improve the performance of ceramic composite armor it is essential to know the mechanisms during each phase of the projectile–target interaction and their influence on the penetration resistance. Since the view on the crater zone and the tip of a projectile penetrating a ceramic is rapidly getting obscured by damaged material, a flash X-ray technique has to be applied in order to visualize projectile penetration. For this purpose, usually several flash X-ray tubes are arranged around the target and the radiographs are recorded on film. At EMI a flash X-ray imaging method has been developed, which provides up to eight flash radiographs in one experiment. A multi-anode 450 kV flash X-ray tube is utilized with this method. The radiation transmitted through the target is then detected on a fluorescent screen. The fluorescent screen converts the radiograph into an image in the visible wavelength range, which is photographed by means of a high-speed camera. This technique has been applied to visualize and analyze the penetration of 7.62 mm AP projectiles into three different types of SiC ceramics. Two commercial SiC grades and MICASIC (Metal Infiltrated Carbon derived SiC), a C-SiSiC ceramic developed by DLR, have been studied. The influences, not only of the ceramic but also the backing material, on dwell time and projectile erosion have been studied. Penetration curves have been determined and their relevance to the ballistic resistance is discussed

Flash X-ray radiography of internal damage in soft cellular materials during instrumented dynamic penetration

“…In the field of impact dynamics, particle accelerators like synchrotrons have been used for high-speed X-ray imaging of dynamic processes [5]. Moreover, flash X-ray systems have been introduced and employed particularly for visualization of penetration in armament and ballistic protection applications [6] or high-velocity gas-gun experiments [7]. Flash X-ray systems provide advantages over synchrotrons such as large field of view, high penetration depth, accessibility and radiation safety with a cost of sacrificing image quality, resolution and continuous nature of the imaging.…”

High-speed X-ray radiography for experiments in impact dynamics using high-power X-ray tube, cesium iodine scintillator and laboratory optical camera

“…Although the method would be perfectly suitable even for in-situ analysis of the internal structure of materials subjected to dynamic processes, like impact or vibration, such applications are still extremely rare in laboratory or field environments as the frame rate of conventional X-ray detectors is not sufficient. The problem can be overcome using particle accelerators or flash X-ray systems providing sufficient photon flux for better imaging performance of scintillation panels in combination with high-speed cameras [4][5][6]. However, this comes with disadvantages regarding the costs, system complexity, accessibility, flexibility, constraints in image resolution, statistics, and size of the object.…”

art of director, screenwriter, and actor Martin Scorsese as an author's cinematography model

“…In 1962, Martin entered New York University (Araujo & Schneider, 2019). At the Department of Radio-Television-Film, students were offered one of the few courses on the history of cinematography with real practical opportunities of introducing students to the film production process (Strassburger et al, 2016). Martin first showed up at the university on an open day to listen to speeches by representatives of individual faculties.…”