Flash X-ray Microscopy

Abstract

Soft x-ray contact microscopy, utilizing single-shot exposures of approximately 60 nanoseconds duration in polymethyl methacrylate, has been realized with a resolution of 300 angstroms. The radiation spectrum is intense in the "window" between 23 and 44 angstroms where water is transparent compared to biological materials, and therefore permits viewing of wet samples.

Fine structure of unstained human chromosome fibres dried with no fixative as observed by X‐ray contact microscopy

“…wt = 2.8 x lo6) was in the order of milliseconds when DNA was irradiated with a 100-ns single pulse of 16-MeV electrons with an absorbed dose of 98 Gy (Washino & Schnabel, 1982). Therefore, the development of intense shortpulse (an order of nanoseconds) X-rays (McCorkle et al, 1979;Feder et al, 1985;Rosser et al, 1985) and of X-ray holography (Aoki & Kikuta, 1974;Howells et al, 1987;Trebes et al, 1987) may overcome this problem, since a single shot exposure can record information about the 3-D structure of specimens before they are distorted. The present results provide a major incentive to carry out further experiments to observe the structure of chromosomes in situ.…”

X‐ray contact microscopy using an excimer laser plasma source with different target materials and laser pulse durations

“…These include imaging transmission microscopy (Schmall et al, 1993), scanning microscopy (Michette et al, 1993) and contact microscopy Sayre et al, 1977;McCorkle et al, 1979). Imaging microscopy can produce real-time images on a CCD camera with the magnification usually being provided by Fresnel zone plates.…”

Laser Produced X-Ray for High Resolution Lithography and a Photoionization Laser.

“…Plasma velocity is a weak function of P anyway. Choosing the lens to optimize the power at time T gives PL P L% (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) In scaling, t is proportional to the pulsewidth.…”