Flatfoot deformity affected the kinematics of the foot and ankle in proportion to the severity of deformity

Shin, Hee Suk; Lee, Jae Hee; Kim, Eo Jin; Kyung, Min Gyu; Yoo, Hyo Jeong; Lee, Dong Yeon

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.06.002

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, trauma, and corticosteroid injections 7. The symptomatic flatfoot presents with medial arch pain and can affect gait 8. Untreated symptomatic flatfoot in the long term can become a rigid deformity, which will further affect the patient’s quality of life.…”

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confidence: 99%

Adult flatfoot

Tang

Lai

2020

BMJ

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confidence: 99%

Adult flatfoot

Tang

Lai

2020

BMJ

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“…First, foot posture was categorized as either normal or flatfoot based on FPI; however, flatfoot subgroups according to severity were not identified. Shin et al 39 found that lower limb kinematics of flatfoot during walking is affected by the severity of flatfoot deformity. Additionally, flatfoot has also been classified into two groups, compensated or decompensated, by dynamic gait analyses 40 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Differences in rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot kinematics of normal foot and flatfoot during running

Takabayashi

Edama

Inai

et al. 2020

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Flatfoot is a common foot deformity, which could contribute to running injuries such as medial tibial stress syndrome. Intrafoot kinematics of flatfoot during walking have often been documented using multisegment foot models. However, the intrafoot kinematics of flatfoot during running remains unclear, despite the possible relationship between flatfoot and running injuries. We aimed to clarify rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot kinematics when running in participants with normal foot and flatfoot. Participants with the normal foot (n = 14) and flatfoot (n = 14) were asked to runover‐ground at their preferred speed. Three‐dimensional kinematics of the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot during running were calculated based on the Rizzoli foot model. A two‐sample t‐test of statistical parametric mapping was performed to determine differences between normal foot and flatfoot in time histories of intrafoot kinematics during running. No differences were found between groups in characteristics and spatiotemporal parameters. In the frontal rearfoot angle, a significantly increased eversion from 24% to 100% (p < .001) was observed in the flatfoot compared to the normal foot. At the midfoot angle, a significantly increased eversion from 0% to 4% (p < .049) and 21% to 100% (p < .001) was observed in the flatfoot compared to the normal foot. At the forefoot angle, a significantly increased inversion from 6% to 17% (p < .047) was observed in the flatfoot compared to the normal foot. These findings may be useful to explain why flatfoot could contribute to running injuries such as medial tibial stress syndrome.

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“…It has been reported that the flatfoot-affected population shows a significant decrease in gait cadence, speed, stride length, and step width. In addition, hindfoot abduction in the terminal stance and pre-swing phase is lost [46]. This deformity not only generates abnormal foot pressure during walking, but is also linked to injury possibility and the development of frequent pain [47].…”

Section: A Flatfoot Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat-Feet Prediction Based on a Designed Wearable Sensing Shoe and a PCA-Based Deep Neural Network Model

et al. 2020

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Gait is a significant factor that affects human health, and monitoring a person's gait with sensing devices during daily life can detect abnormal gait events that affect numerous physical health problems. In particular, flat feet can cause changes in alignment conditions of the foot, ankle, leg, pelvis and spine. The primary problem with previous studies of wearable devices for measuring gait have focused on quantitatively monitoring the degree of gait rather than the limited gait ability. The existing method of feeding back the degree of gait or activity does not consider the severity of the subject and is insufficient for qualitative evaluation or training of gait. The significance of this study is development of convenient detecting and long-term tracking tools that can be used by both patients and clinicians for prescreening flat feet and monitoring the progress of flat feet treatment. For wearable devices for flatfoot detection to be most effective, detection systems and algorithms must be accurate, robust, reliable and computationally-efficient. In this paper, we developed an integrated smart wearable gait-monitoring device comprised of three sensors: front force, rear force, and an ankle flex sensor. We propose a new flat feet detection methodology based on a dynamic sensing window and a deep neural network with scaled principal component analysis (PCA). We tested 24 subjects, including both those with healthy gait and flat-feet-affected gait. Our study shows that the proposed sensing devices could be worn comfortably. The proposed deep neural network (DNN) model outperformed the other five classifier algorithms considered, and the area under the curve (AUC) value of the method was 87.1%. This wearable device can thus be easily and simply used both by patients and doctors to monitor the progress of flat feet and prescreen for possible gait problems in daily life.

show abstract

Flatfoot deformity affected the kinematics of the foot and ankle in proportion to the severity of deformity

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Adult flatfoot

Adult flatfoot

Differences in rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot kinematics of normal foot and flatfoot during running

Flat-Feet Prediction Based on a Designed Wearable Sensing Shoe and a PCA-Based Deep Neural Network Model

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