Abstract:Honeycomb being a cellular solid is a well-known core in sandwich structure and is considered an ideal structural material because of its high strength and shear stiffness, high impact strength, lower weight, excellent energy absorbing property, high crushing stress, and almost constant crushing force. In this study, 3D woven honeycomb structures were developed with different cell geometry by varying the cell size, free wall length, bonded wall length, opening angle, and the number of honeycomb layers keeping … Show more
“…The consideration of pre-buckled honeycomb formed the stress waves; however this 3D woven honeycomb model found was without pre-buckling. This disparity may be attributed to the superior shear force exhibited by the 3D integral arrangement of yarns within the 3D woven honeycomb structure, particularly during instances of crushing and wall buckling [33,34]. This is depicted as shown in figure 12 below.…”
Section: Finite Element Analysis Simulation Resultsmentioning
This study investigates the energy dissipation efficiency of an aircrew helmet liner developed using 3D woven honeycomb structural composites compared to different commercially available honeycomb liner materials such as Nomex, and Aluminium. In contrast to liners with discrete density differences, the use of a honeycomb-based liner reduces the concern about delamination, back face deformation and fracture propagation. The research involves comparing several parameters related to crashworthiness, such as specific energy absorption (SEA), crush force efficiency (CFE), and margin of safety, which are crucial for head protection and ensuring helmet injury tolerance. These parameters play a vital role in assessing the ability of different configurations of the honeycomb liner during impacts. Flatwise compression and dynamic impact tests were conducted to evaluate the helmet liner's performance while maintaining consistency in the helmet shell component. Finite element analysis (FEA) and 3D X-ray Tomography techniques were utilized to analyse the back face deformation (BFD) at high-velocity impact and the internal damage resulting from impacts on the helmet liners, respectively. The results revealed that the 3D woven honeycomb liner configuration performs optimally in terms of energy absorption by demonstrating sufficient and balanced competency across these three critical factors. Additionally, the simulation result revealed that the 3D woven honeycomb liner exhibits wave propagation. This phenomenon enhances its energy absorption capacity and reduces back-face deformation attributed to its crushing behaviour. This research offers valuable insights for improving the performance of aircrew helmet liners, with a particular focus on utilizing 3D woven honeycomb liners featuring 3D woven solid structure to maintain exceptional structural integrity.
“…The consideration of pre-buckled honeycomb formed the stress waves; however this 3D woven honeycomb model found was without pre-buckling. This disparity may be attributed to the superior shear force exhibited by the 3D integral arrangement of yarns within the 3D woven honeycomb structure, particularly during instances of crushing and wall buckling [33,34]. This is depicted as shown in figure 12 below.…”
Section: Finite Element Analysis Simulation Resultsmentioning
This study investigates the energy dissipation efficiency of an aircrew helmet liner developed using 3D woven honeycomb structural composites compared to different commercially available honeycomb liner materials such as Nomex, and Aluminium. In contrast to liners with discrete density differences, the use of a honeycomb-based liner reduces the concern about delamination, back face deformation and fracture propagation. The research involves comparing several parameters related to crashworthiness, such as specific energy absorption (SEA), crush force efficiency (CFE), and margin of safety, which are crucial for head protection and ensuring helmet injury tolerance. These parameters play a vital role in assessing the ability of different configurations of the honeycomb liner during impacts. Flatwise compression and dynamic impact tests were conducted to evaluate the helmet liner's performance while maintaining consistency in the helmet shell component. Finite element analysis (FEA) and 3D X-ray Tomography techniques were utilized to analyse the back face deformation (BFD) at high-velocity impact and the internal damage resulting from impacts on the helmet liners, respectively. The results revealed that the 3D woven honeycomb liner configuration performs optimally in terms of energy absorption by demonstrating sufficient and balanced competency across these three critical factors. Additionally, the simulation result revealed that the 3D woven honeycomb liner exhibits wave propagation. This phenomenon enhances its energy absorption capacity and reduces back-face deformation attributed to its crushing behaviour. This research offers valuable insights for improving the performance of aircrew helmet liners, with a particular focus on utilizing 3D woven honeycomb liners featuring 3D woven solid structure to maintain exceptional structural integrity.
“…The collapsed structures’ totally bent or fully shattered cores are readily evident [37]. In honeycomb specimens, buckling, debonding, and fracture are identified as collapse mechanisms [38]. Figure 10 Crushing behaviour of the honeycomb structure in flatwise compression: (a) metal honeycomb sample and (b) Kevlar woven honeycomb sample.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The collapsed structures' totally bent or fully shattered cores are readily evident [37]. In honeycomb specimens, buckling, debonding, and fracture are identified as collapse mechanisms [38].…”
Sandwich structures have a high capacity for stiffness, strength, and energy absorption, and are frequently used as lightweight composite components in shipbuilding and aeronautical engineering. In this work, mechanical characterisation of aluminium honeycomb and 3D-woven Kevlar honeycomb composite sandwich panels with respect to their flatwise, edgewise compression, and three-point bending tests was carried out. The experimental results show that the 3D-woven Kevlar honeycomb is better than the aluminium honeycomb for flatwise and three-point bending behaviour. In the case of edgewise compression, aluminium honeycomb shows significant results. Aluminium honeycomb cores show the plastic collapse mechanism, while Kevlar honeycomb indicates the occurrence of buckling before failure.
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