Flatwoods and Associated Landforms of the South Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Lowlands

Watts, Frank C.; Carlisle, V. W.; Hurt, G. W.

doi:10.1201/9781420026238.ch14

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…During the initial stages of soil development, before valley incision, the water table would have been near the surface most of the time, and reducing conditions would have prevailed. Landscape dissection, related to valley incision, would have caused the water table to become progressively deeper as the valley margin was approached (Daniels et al ., 1971, 1975; Watts et al ., 2001). Soils located close to the valley margin would have had lower water tables than soils far from valleys.…”

Section: Evolution Of Valleys Palaeohydrology and Interfluve Palaeosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of palaeosols across Cretaceous interfluves in the Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada: palaeohydrological, palaeogeomorphological and stratigraphic implications

McCarthy

Plint

2003

Sedimentology

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A basic sedimentological and palaeopedological framework is now in place for non‐marine sequence models. The variability of interfluve palaeosols has not, however, been systematically documented, nor have the stratigraphic implications of that variability been incorporated into sequence models. Interfluve palaeosol variability in the deltaic Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada, is investigated, for which a detailed allostratigraphic and palaeogeographic framework has been developed, based on abundant well (> 2300 logs) and outcrop (> 60 sections) control. Regionally extensive valley fills and interfluves have been mapped in coastal plain deposits over an area of about 50 000 km2. This palaeogeographic framework permits interfluve surfaces exposed in outcrop to be located in terms of distance from the margins of coeval valleys. The micromorphological, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of five representative sequence‐bounding palaeosols located from 250 m to more than 15 km from coeval valley margins are described. These interfluve palaeosols are similar to modern Alfisols and all record (i) aggradation on an alluvial/coastal plain; (ii) a subsequent static and/or degradational phase related to valley incision, non‐deposition and soil thickening; and (iii) a final aggradational phase related to valley filling and renewed sedimentation across the coastal plain. Within this overall template, however, variations in palaeosol thickness, redoximorphic features, illuvial clay content and geochemistry suggest developmental control by hydrological characteristics that were influenced by both the nature of the underlying alluvial sediments and distance from the valley margin. The presence of mature interfluve palaeosols with complex developmental histories suggests that landscape dissection may have been related to terrace development associated with valley incision. Palaeosols closer to valley margins are thicker, contain more illuvial clay and display characteristics suggesting better drained conditions relative to those palaeosols that developed further from valley margins. Subsequent deposition on interfluves also reflects distance from valleys, with those sites close to valleys accumulating cumulic soils with evidence of brackish groundwater, whereas far from valleys (> 10–15 km), groundwater was fresh and clastic supply minimal, encouraging peat formation. Variations in drainage and palaeotopography during landscape dissection resulted in different palaeosol development styles on interfluve surfaces that can be shown, on the basis of physical correlation, to have the same geomorphic age. These observations support the concept of the soil‐forming interval as a basis for pedostratigraphic correlation in ancient terrestrial deposits. Palaeosol variability on interfluves is to be expected, and recognition and documentation of this variability is an important prerequisite to palaeogeomorphological, palaeoclimatic and sequence stratigraphic interpretations.

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Section: Evolution Of Valleys Palaeohydrology and Interfluve Palaeosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of palaeosols across Cretaceous interfluves in the Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada: palaeohydrological, palaeogeomorphological and stratigraphic implications

McCarthy

Plint

2003

Sedimentology

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“…Depressional wetlands occupy the lowest elevations, forming closed systems where water and nutrients collect as a result of wet season subsurface and overland flow (Haag & Lee, ), allowing organic matter accumulation and high soil C concentrations (Craft & Casey, ). In the dry season, these depressions serve as refugia for wildlife; they may also provide a water source for the surrounding flatwoods via subsurface flow (Crownover et al, ; Watts et al, ). Unlike the depressional wetlands in the northern prairie pothole region, which were formed due to continental ice sheets extending in the mountain valleys (Cook & Hauer, ), the isolated wetlands in the DWP are believed to have formed through dissolution of the underlying limestone bedrock and subsequent subsidence of the surface soils, creating surface depressions that can range in size from small holes to flat low relief areas that span several hectares and reach depths of up to 8 m (Blood et al, ; Hendricks & Goodwin, ; Wharton, ).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolated wetlands are depressional landforms that occur throughout many different regions and may form naturally or through anthropogenic activities (Tiner et al, ), vary in size, and develop a higher soil C content than the surrounding uplands as a result of seasonal inundation from subsurface or overland flow (Watts et al, ). Moreover, isolated wetlands have been reduced in number and spatial extent as a result of land use changes (increased agricultural activities and urban expansion) (Dahl, ; Reiss, ), which may have serious implications for regional and global C cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Belowground Carbon Stocks in Isolated Wetlands of the Northern Everglades Watershed, Central Florida, Using Ground Penetrating Radar and Aerial Imagery

et al. 2017

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Peat soils store a large fraction of the global soil carbon (C) pool and comprise 95% of wetland C stocks. While isolated freshwater wetlands in temperate and tropical biomes account for more than 20% of the global peatland C stock, most studies of wetland soil C have occurred in expansive peatlands in northern boreal and subarctic biomes. Furthermore, the contribution of small depressional wetlands in comparison to larger wetland systems in these environments is very uncertain. Given the fact that these wetlands are numerous and variable in terms of their internal geometry, innovative methods are needed for properly estimating belowground C stocks and their overall C contribution to the landscape. In this study, we use a combination of ground penetrating radar (GPR), aerial imagery, and direct measurements (coring) in conjunction with C core analysis to develop a relation between C stock and surface area, and estimate the contribution of subtropical depressional wetlands to the total C stock of pine flatwoods at the Disney Wilderness Preserve (DWP), Florida. Additionally, GPR surveys were able to image collapse structures underneath the peat basin of depressional wetlands, depicting lithological controls on the formation of depressional wetlands at the DWP. Results indicate the importance of depressional wetlands as critical contributors to the landscape C budget at the DWP and the potential of GPR‐based approaches for (1) rapidly and noninvasively estimating the contribution of depressional wetlands to regional C stocks and (2) evaluating the formational processes of depressional wetlands.

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Flatwoods and Associated Landforms of the South Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Lowlands

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Spatial variability of palaeosols across Cretaceous interfluves in the Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada: palaeohydrological, palaeogeomorphological and stratigraphic implications

Spatial variability of palaeosols across Cretaceous interfluves in the Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada: palaeohydrological, palaeogeomorphological and stratigraphic implications

Estimating Belowground Carbon Stocks in Isolated Wetlands of the Northern Everglades Watershed, Central Florida, Using Ground Penetrating Radar and Aerial Imagery

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