Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Ocimum gratissimum Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness Behavior, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress in Mice

Abstract

Flavonoid-rich fraction of leaf demonstrated significant modulation of LPS-induced sickness behavior, inflammatory and oxidative stress response in mice. This suggests an important therapeutic strategy in slowing down LPS-mediated hepatic and neuronal disease processes.

Protective effect of Gloeostereum�incarnatum on ulcerative colitis via modulation of Nrf2/NF‑κB signaling in C57BL/6 mice

“…GI contains 0.394% flavonoids, which exert antioxidant effects by regulating the body's oxygen free radical levels. In an LPS-damaged mice model, a flavonoid-rich fraction of Ocimum gratissimum leaves regulated oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver and brain by reducing the levels of TNF-α and malondialdehyde ( 47 ). The flavonoid apigenin can reduce the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon, reduce the density of eosinophils and transform M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages to the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype in diet-induced obese mice ( 48 ).…”

A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.)

“…The phenolic compounds found in Ocimum gratissimum include rosmarinic acid, sinapic acid, salvigenin, gallic acid, catechins, methyl eugenol, caffeic acid, L-caftaric, ellagic acid, trans-ferulic acid, L-chicoric acid, and flavonoids such as xanthomicrol, cirsimaritin, rutin, apigenin, kaempferol, vicenin-2, luteolin 5-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, 7,4,′-dimethyl ether, vitexin, isovitexin, nepetoidin A, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, nevadensin, cirsimaritin, hymenoxin, myricetin, basilimoside, morin, isothymusin ( Grayer et al., 2000 ; Costa et al., 2012 ; Ouyang et al., 2013 ; Casanova et al., 2014 ; Venuprasad et al., 2014 ; Ajayi et al., 2019 ), epicatechin, quercitrin, quercetin ( Irondi et al., 2016 ), and triterpenes (oleanolic, pomolic acid, ursolic acids, and tormentic acid) ( Dzoyem et al., 2021 ). The bioactive phenolic compounds and flavonoids identified from O. gratissimum as well as their structures and various pharmacological activities are shown in Table 1 .…”

“…(2008) 0.0125–100 mg/kg of O. gratissimum Rats The extract inhibited free radicals and suppressed inflammation in carrageenan-induced inflammation Management inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic diseases Ajayi et al. (2017a) 25–100 mg/kg of flavonoid-rich fraction of O. gratissimum leaves Lipopolysaccharide-induced mice The extract attenuates inflammatory and Oxidative Stress in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress Ajayi et al. (2019) 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg of O. gratissimum essential oil Mice Promoted anti-hypernociception and reduced the levels of interleukin-1β in the sciatic nerve Anti-hypernociceptive activity Paula-Freire et al.…”

“…The flavonoid-rich ethyl acetate fraction of O . gratissimum was discovered to exhibit hepatoprotective properties, indicating that it may be useful in slowing down the LPS-mediated sickness process in mice with LPS-induced sickness behaviour ( Ajayi et al., 2019 ). Fandohan et al.…”

“…Furthermore, several studies have shown this plant possesses numerous pharmacological properties such as anti-hyperglycaemic ( Aguiyi et al., 2000 ; Casanova et al., 2014 ), hypoglycaemic ( Shittu et al., 2019 ), anti-inflammatory ( Ajayi et al., 2019 ), anti-diarrhoeal ( Offiah and Chikwendu, 1999 ), anti-anaemic, hepatoprotective ( Akara et al., 2021 ), anti-hypertensive ( Shaw et al., 2017 ), antibacterial ( Melo et al., 2019 ), antifungal ( Mohr et al., 2017 ), and anti-oxidative properties ( Joshi, 2013 ; Mahapatra and Roy, 2014 ) as well as exhibits many other pharmacological activities.…”