Flavonoids

Schwinn, Kathy E.; Davies, Kevin

doi:10.1002/9781119312994.apr0134

Cited by 25 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…Their activity depends on several factors, such as the sulfation degree, the molecular weight, and the sulfation positions. Additionally, anthocyanins are one of the major groups of hydrosoluble pigments belonging to the flavonoid class (Schwinn & Davies 2004). These compounds have an anti-inflammatory and an anticarcinogenic action to prevent cardiovascular diseases, to reduce the action of diabetes and to exhibit antioxidant capacity (He & Giusti 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of pomegranate peel against hematotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations, and genotoxicity induced by barium chloride in adult rats

Elwej

Salah

Kallel

et al. 2016

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context Pomegranate peel (PP) has health benefits including antibacterial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antimutagenic properties. Objective This study investigated the biochemical composition and protective effects of PP against hematotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by barium chloride (BaCl 2 ) in adult rats. Materials and methods Adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six each: control, barium (67 ppm via drinking water), PP (5% via diet), and their combination during 21 d. Oxidative stress was determined by MDA, AOPP, and antioxidant status: CAT, GPx, GSH, Vit C. Osmotic fragility (OF), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and micronucleus (MN) assays were also studied. Results PP showed a rich composition of antioxidant compounds. DPPH test found IC 50 value¼ 5.3 mg/mL and a high polysaccharides content (315 ± 5 mg/g of extract). In vivo study showed a decrease in red blood cells (70%) and platelet counts (46%), hemoglobin content (8%), hematocrit percent (7%), and an 80% increase of white blood cells in Ba-treated rats. A reduction in antioxidant status: catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, glutathione, and vitamin C levels by 31, 21, 28, and 29%, respectively, and an increase in MDA (46%) and AOPP levels (72%) were also observed compared with controls. BaCl 2 -treatment showed a significant increase in the frequencies of total chromosomal aberrations with abnormal metaphases and micronucleus in bone-marrow cells. Oxidative stress induced by BaCl 2 might be the major cause for chromosomal abnormalities leading to DNA damage. Discussion and conclusion A decrease in hematotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by PP is due to its powerful antioxidant capacity. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of pomegranate peel against hematotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations, and genotoxicity induced by barium chloride in adult rats

Elwej

Salah

Kallel

et al. 2016

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…Anthocyanin are the major water-soluble pigments, produced by the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, widely distributed in flowering plants and responsible for pink, purple, red, and blue of many flowers and fruits (Chandler & Tanaka, 2007; Wessinger & Rausher, 2014). Currently, all structural genes involved in the anthocyanin synthesis have been well characterized in many species (Schwinn & Davies, 2004; Grotewold, 2006; Guo et al, 2014). Anthocyanins are synthesized in the cytosol, and are not stabilized until they are transported into vacuole (Kitamura, Shikazono & Tanaka, 2004; Gomez et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of aR2R3-MYBgene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and relationships between its variation and flower color difference in lotus (NelumboAdans.)

Sun

Gugger

Wang

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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The lotus (Nelumbonaceae: Nelumbo Adans.) is a highly desired ornamental plant, comprising only two extant species, the sacred lotus (N. nucifera Gaerten.) with red flowers and the American lotus (N. lutea Willd.) with yellow flowers. Flower color is the most obvious difference of two species. To better understand the mechanism of flower color differentiation, the content of anthocyanins and the expression levels of four key structural genes (e.g., DFR, ANS, UFGT and GST) were analyzed in two species. Our results revealed that anthocyanins were detected in red flowers, not yellow flowers. Expression analysis showed that no transcripts of GST gene and low expression level of three UFGT genes were detected in yellow flowers. In addition, three regulatory genes (NnMYB5, NnbHLH1 and NnTTG1) were isolated from red flowers and showed a high similarity to corresponding regulatory genes of other species. Sequence analysis of MYB5, bHLH1 and TTG1 in two species revealed striking differences in coding region and promoter region of MYB5 gene. Population analysis identified three MYB5 variants in Nelumbo: a functional allele existed in red flowers and two inactive forms existed in yellow flowers. This result revealed that there was an association between allelic variation in MYB5 gene and flower color difference. Yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that NnMYB5 interacts with NnbHLH1, NlbHLH1 and NnTTG1, and NnTTG1 also interacts with NnbHLH1 and NlbHLH1. The over-expression of NnMYB5 led to anthocyanin accumulation in immature seeds and flower stalks and up-regulation of expression of TT19 in Arabidopsis. Therefore, NnMYB5 is a transcription activator of anthocyanin synthesis. This study helps to elucidate the function of NnMYB5 and will contribute to clarify the mechanism of flower coloration and genetic engineering of flower color in lotus.

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“…Previous studies have shown that flavonoid absorption at 350 nm is responsible for yellowing (Schwinn and Davies, 2004). However, whether leaf yellowing caused by O 3 is related to flavonoid accumulation has previously been unclear.…”

Section: Elevated O 3 Levels Accelerate Leaf Yellowing In Flowering Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoids, which exist in almost all plant tissues, protect the plants from stress damage owing to their antioxidant ability (Davies, 2004;Huang et al, 2013). These widely known pigments absorb light at λ 350nm , contributing to leaf yellowing (Schwinn and Davies, 2004). However, little research has focused on investigating whether leaf yellowing is linked to flavonoid biosynthesis when the plant is exposed to O 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of elevated ozone on the ornamental features of two flowering plants (Tagetes erecta Linn. and Petunia hybrida Vilm.)

Wang

Zheng

Chen

2017

IJEP

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There has been little investigation into the effects of ozone (O 3) on flowering plants around settlements, even though such plants are known to be threatened by elevated O 3. In this study, we used open-top chambers to assess the ornamental value of marigolds (Tagetes erecta Linn.) and four petunia (Petunia hybrid Vilm.) varieties in terms of their growth and physiological responses to elevated O 3. The aboveground biomass decreased by 7.4% in marigolds and by 19.4-23.6% in four varieties of petunia in response to

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Flavonoids

Abstract: The sections in this article areIntroductionFlavonoids as PigmentsFlavonoid BiosynthesisRegulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in FlowersGenetic Modification of Flower ColourConcluding CommentsAcknowledgements

Cited by 25 publications

References 254 publications

Protective effects of pomegranate peel against hematotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations, and genotoxicity induced by barium chloride in adult rats

Protective effects of pomegranate peel against hematotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations, and genotoxicity induced by barium chloride in adult rats

Identification of aR2R3-MYBgene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and relationships between its variation and flower color difference in lotus (NelumboAdans.)

The impact of elevated ozone on the ornamental features of two flowering plants (Tagetes erecta Linn. and Petunia hybrida Vilm.)

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