Rapid and simple-to-use diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are urgently needed. Recent development has unveiled the diagnostic power of the CRISPR system in the detection of viral infections. However, its potential use in detecting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) remained unexplored. We developed a rapid CRISPR-based assay for TB detection and conducted a retrospective cohort study of 179 patients to evaluate the CRISPR-MTB test for identifying MTB in various forms of direct clinical samples. Its diagnostic performance was compared, in parallel with culture and the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert). The CRISPR-MTB test is highly sensitive with a near single-copy sensitivity, demands less sample input and offers shorter turnaround time than Xpert. When evaluated in the clinical cohort of both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, the CRISPR-MTB test exhibited an overall improved sensitivity over both culture (79% vs 33%) and Xpert (79% vs 66%), without comprise in specificity (62/63, 98%). The CRISPR-MTB test exhibits an improved overall diagnostic performance over culture and Xpert across a variety of sample types, and offers great potential as a new diagnostic technique for both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
Integrals of monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras are introduced and the existence and uniqueness of integrals for finite-dimensional monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras are investigated first. Then integrals are applied to the Maschke type theorem for monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras controlling the semisimplicity and separability of monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras. Further, monoidal Hom-algebras are characterized with additional Frobenius property, and the question when finite-dimensional monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras are Frobenius is studied. As applications of integrals, the Maschke type theorem for Hom-smash product is given, and the Morita context in the Hom-category \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\widetilde{\mathcal {H}}(\mathcal {M}_k)$\end{document}H̃(Mk) is constructed.
1 A series of bismuth oxyiodides were obtained by calcining the precursor compound (Bi7O9I3). Their 2 compositions and electronic structures were analyzed by various physicochemical characterizations, 3 slurry method measurements and theoretic calculations. Iodine vacancies appearing at elevated 4 temperatures before the phase transition contribute to the increased photocatalytic activity, which can 5 be attributed to the increase of band gaps, downward shifts of band potentials and the change of 6 semiconductor behavior from p type toward n type. The catalyst obtained at 400 °C displayed an 7 excellent photocatalytic performance for phenol degradation, and it was characterized as a composite 8 of two components with well-matched band potentials and well contact interfaces. Photogenerated 9 holes were revealed as the main active species in the phenol degradation. This study could bring 10 insights in the fabrication of novel high efficient bismuth oxyiodide composites by simultaneously 11 controlling the extent of phase transition and the amount of iodine vacancies.12 13
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