Flavonoids of the Menyanthaceae: Intra‐ and Interfamilial Relationships

Bohm, Bruce A.; Nicholls, K. W.; Ornduff, Robert

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1986.tb08521.x

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…(= Nymphoides), and he combined them under that genus name. More recent authors have retained the separation of Liparophyllum and Villarsia from Nymphoides, while noting similarities among the genera (Nilsson 1973;Bohm et al 1986;Chuang and Ornduff 1992). In our analyses, the monophyly of Villarsia was not supported by combined morphological and molecular data, which instead indicated strongly that the genus is paraphyletic toward Nymphoides (Fig.…”

Section: ]contrasting

confidence: 66%

“…5). Liparophyllum gunnii and Nymphoides exigua, two highly reduced taxa of uncertain morphological affinity (Mueller 1858;Hooker 1860;Bohm et al 1986), also resolved within the grade of Villarsia (Fig. 5).…”

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Morphological Data-Characters were compiled from original species descriptions, taxonomic literature, and regional floras (Labillardière 1804;Grisebach 1845;Hooker 1845;Hooker 1860;Bentham and Mueller 1869;Mueller 1875;Gilg 1895;Britton and Brown 1897;Fernald 1950;Gleason and Cronquist 1963;Muenscher 1967;Gillett 1968;Aston 1973Aston , 1982Cook 1974;Raynal 1974b;Godfrey and Wooten 1981;Wood 1983;Hughes and Davis 1989;Sivarajan and Joseph 1993;Ornduff 1999;Cowie et al 2000;Gupta et al 2000;Li et al 2002), plus surveys of biochemistry (Bohm et al 1986), cytology (Rork 1949;Ornduff 1970Ornduff , 1974Ornduff and Chuang 1988), and pollen (Nilsson 1973) and seed morphology (Sivarajan et al 1989;Chuang and Ornduff 1992;Aston 2003). Character states were confirmed through analysis of herbarium specimens (A, BM, BRI, CAL, CONN, GH, K, MEL, MO, NSW, NT, NY, PRE, UC, and US; specimen identities verified by N.P.T.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors (e.g. Bohm et al 1986) have suggested that the sections of Villarsia represent unnatural groupings, given their simple morphological basis. Our results corroborate this assessment.…”

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nilsson (1973) investigated pollen morphology and recognized two general architectures: the "Menyanthes-type", which occurs in both Menyanthes and Nephrophyllidium, and the "Villarsia-type", which occurs in Liparophyllum, Nymphoides, and Villarsia. In their survey of flavonoid compounds, Bohm et al (1986) reported a diverse array of chemical profiles, none of which was diagnostic for any recognized taxonomic group. Chuang and Ornduff (1992) noted a morphological similarity between the seeds of Menyanthes and Nephrophyllidium but a scattered distribution of similar seed features among the other genera (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Generic Circumscription in Menyanthaceae: A Phylogenetic Evaluation

Tippery¹,

Les²,

Padgett³

et al. 2008

Systematic Botany

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Menyanthaceae consist of five genera of aquatic and wetland plants distributed worldwide. The three monotypic genera (Liparophyllum, Menyanthes, and Nephrophyllidium) are clearly differentiated morphologically, but the two larger genera (Nymphoides and Villarsia) contain several taxa of uncertain affinity. We undertook a phylogenetic analysis, using a combination of morphological and molecular data, to resolve relationships among species and to evaluate the current circumscription of genera. DNA sequence data for nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (rbcL and trnK/matK) gene regions were largely congruent (by partition-homogeneity test), and a combined data phylogeny revealed several strongly supported relationships. Analyses using asterid outgroup taxa supported the monophyly of Menyanthaceae. Menyanthes trifoliata and Nephrophyllidium crista-galli comprised a clade sister to the remainder of the family. Species of Nymphoides, except N. exigua, resolved to a single, deeply-nested clade, indicating that the floating-leaved habit is derived evolutionarily within the family. The genus Villarsia comprised a paraphyletic grade toward Nymphoides, wherein the species resolved to three assemblages: (1) a shallowly nested clade containing V. albiflora, V. calthifolia, V. marchantii, V. parnassifolia, V. reniformis, and V. umbricola; (2) an isolated South African clade including V. manningiana and the type species, V. capensis; and (3) a heterogeneous clade of taxa from three genera, including V. exaltata, V. lasiosperma, and V. latifolia, plus the anomalous species V. capitata, V. congestiflora, Liparophyllum gunnii, and Nymphoides exigua. Our results indicate that the genera Menyanthes, Nephrophyllidium, and Nymphoides should be retained as circumscribed, with the exception that Nymphoides exigua should be restored to Villarsia. The genus Villarsia, however, eventually should be subdivided among monophyletic lineages, whereby in the strict sense Villarsia would contain only South African taxa.

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Section: ]contrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Generic Circumscription in Menyanthaceae: A Phylogenetic Evaluation

Tippery¹,

Les²,

Padgett³

et al. 2008

Systematic Botany

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Differential susceptibility of distinct parts of the aquatic plant Nymphoides humboldtiana to herbivory supports the optimal defense theory

Nocchi

Pereira

Duarte

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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The optimal defense theory (ODT) predicts that the allocation of chemical defenses in plants will be concentrated in parts or tissues that are of higher fitness value for the individuals that produce them. Chemicals are known to be allocated to certain parts of aquatic plants, and the morphological architecture of Nymphoides humboldtiana, a species that exposes its parts to different environmental factors and consumers, may be an excellent model to evaluate within-plant susceptibility to consumers according to the ODT. Methods: Under laboratory experimental conditions, we evaluated the defensive properties of extracts from vegetative (leaves, rhizomes, roots) and reproductive (long stem internodes, flowers, fruits) parts of N. humboldtiana against consumption by the generalist herbivorous gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata. Extracts were also subjected to chemical analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, principal component analysis, and analysis of their relationships to defensive actions. Results: Extracts of all vegetative and internode (reproductive) parts of N. humboldtiana exhibited defensive properties against B. glabrata, but the long stem internodes exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition. Chemical profiles of these parts were qualitatively and quantitatively different, but a major unidentified compound is presumably responsible for the higher defensive property found in internodes. Conclusions: Our results support the ODT, since chemical defense was more effective in long stem internodes, which have a high fitness value for N. humboldtiana to keep the flowers emerged on the water surface in response to the rapid and dynamic changes in water levels typical of freshwater environments.

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Seed Morphology and Systematics of Menyanthaceae

Chuang

Ornduff

1992

American J of Botany

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Scanning electron microscopic investigations of seed morphology of the five genera of Menyanthaceae illustrate a remarkable diversity of seed characteristics for a small family. Seeds of the monotypic northern hemisphere Menyanthes and Fauria are unomamented and similar, and those of the monotypic Liparophyllum of New Zealand and Tasmania are similar to some Australian species of Villarsia. Seed characteristics within the larger genera Villarsia and Nymphoides are variable and mostly species specific, but do not lend support to taxonomic separation of these genera. Interspecific affinities postulated on other grounds are, in many instances, supported by seed morphology. Various seed‐coat features are believed to aid in water or animal dispersal of the seeds of several species. Ant dispersal appears to be important for Villarsia and Nymphoides in Australia, but does not seem to occur in these genera or in other members of the family outside of Australia.

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Flavonoids of the Menyanthaceae: Intra‐ and Interfamilial Relationships

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Generic Circumscription in Menyanthaceae: A Phylogenetic Evaluation

Generic Circumscription in Menyanthaceae: A Phylogenetic Evaluation

Differential susceptibility of distinct parts of the aquatic plant Nymphoides humboldtiana to herbivory supports the optimal defense theory

Seed Morphology and Systematics of Menyanthaceae

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