Flavonoids: Understanding Their Biosynthetic Pathways in Plants and Health Benefits

IfedibaluChukwu, Ejiofor; Igbokwe, Maria-Goretti Chikodili

doi:10.5772/intechopen.96715

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 130 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Chalcones eloquently demonstrate the synergistic relationship between chemistry and biology in that chalcones are open-chain flavonoids and are known to be precursors in the biosynthesis of plant flavonoids. In nature, chalcones are biosynthesized in plants using the chalcone synthase enzyme and 3-malonyl-CoA or starter-CoA esters such as 4-coumaronyl-CoA. − (Scheme ). It is believed that a high intake of plant-based dietary flavonoids has significant health benefits. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chalcones: Potential Chemotherapeutic Compounds and Educational Tools for Closing the Loop in STEM

Russell

Gines

2023

Acc. Chem. Res.

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Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations * sı Supporting Information CONSPECTUS:The study discussed herein describes the synthesis of halogenated chalcones as potential chemotherapeutics. The synthesis work was conducted by undergraduate students participating in an Organic Chemistry II laboratory course at Tuskegee University, while the biological assays were conducted by students enrolled in a Molecular Biology I laboratory course. Chalcones were synthesized via aldol condensation and purified from hot ethanol. The impetus for the work was the fact that Tuskegee University sits positioned within the Black Belt of Alabama which, in addition to being an area of fertile soil and excellent farmland, is also an area rife with health disparities that particularly affect African-Americans. Breast cancer, specifically triple-negative breast cancer, affects African-American women at a higher rate than any other ethnic group. The work described herein addresses a practical problem [teaching undergraduate students about the interface of synthetic techniques, synthesis of specific classes of compounds, functional groups, and their relation to biological activity], as well an existential problem [the prevalence of breast cancer among African-American women, and the need to develop targeted treatments]. One of the chief aims of this approach of integrating these ideas into our laboratory courses was to facilitate the understanding of translational science, i.e. taking chalcones from benchtop to potential therapies for breast cancer. Another aim of the current approach was to, in essence, create a research problem based course and concomitantly use the results of the experiments performed in the course as a way to address the dearth of research funding that HBCUs typically receive. The pharmacological activities of chalcones and their derivatives are well documented. They are an important class of natural products that occur in edible plant derivatives such as spices, teas, fruits and various vegetables. In vitro studies have shown that chalcones inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and blocking cell progression. The synthesis of chalcones with aromatic substituents has been investigated, and electron rich chalcones, i.e., chalcones with donors attached to the aromatic rings, have been studied extensively. The effect that adding electron withdrawing groups to the chalcone structural motif has on the antiproliferation ability of chalcones had been only minimally investigated at the time that our studies were being conducted. We examined the introduction of chlorine to the aromatic system of the chalcone and how these electron withdrawing substituents affect the chalcone's antiproliferative ability. It was discovered that (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell progression in a dose dependent manner and outperformed the unsubstituted (E)-1,3diphenyl-2-propen-1-one (1) at concentrations ranging from 0 μg/mL to 20 μg/mL. Cell death was determined by MTT assay.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chalcones: Potential Chemotherapeutic Compounds and Educational Tools for Closing the Loop in STEM

Russell

Gines

2023

Acc. Chem. Res.

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Role of Flavonoids in Modulation of Mitochondria Dynamics during Oxidative Stress

Kumar,

Chhabra,

Shenoy

et al. 2024

MRMC

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Background: Flavonoids are a widespread category of naturally occurring polyphenols distinguished by the flavan nucleus in plant-based foods and beverages, known for their various health benefits. Studies have suggested that consuming 150-500 mg of flavonoids daily is beneficial for health. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids are involved in maintaining mitochondrial activity and preventing impairment of mitochondrial dynamics by oxidative stress. Objective: This review emphasized the significance of studying the impact of flavonoids on mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Methods: This review analysed and summarised the findings related to the impact of flavonoids on mitochondria from publicly available search engines namely Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Description: Any disruption in mitochondrial dynamics can contribute to cellular dysfunction and diseases, including cancer, cardiac conditions, and neurodegeneration. Flavonoids have been shown to modulate mitochondrial dynamics by regulating protein expression involved in fission and fusion events. Furthermore, flavonoids exhibit potent antioxidant properties by lowering the production of ROS and boosting the performance of antioxidant enzymes. Persistent inflammation is a characteristic of many different disorders. This is because flavonoids also alter the inflammatory response by controlling the expression of numerous cytokines and chemokines involved in the inflammatory process. Flavonoids exhibit an impressive array of significant health effects, making them an effective therapeutic agent for managing various disorders. Further this review summarised available mechanisms underlying flavonoids' actions on mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress to recognize the optimal dose and duration of flavonoid intake for therapeutic purposes. Conclusion: This review may provide a solid foundation for developing targeted therapeutic interventions utilizing flavonoids, ultimately benefiting individuals afflicted with various disorders.

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Flavonoids: Understanding Their Biosynthetic Pathways in Plants and Health Benefits

Cited by 2 publications

References 130 publications

Chalcones: Potential Chemotherapeutic Compounds and Educational Tools for Closing the Loop in STEM

Chalcones: Potential Chemotherapeutic Compounds and Educational Tools for Closing the Loop in STEM

Role of Flavonoids in Modulation of Mitochondria Dynamics during Oxidative Stress

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