Flavor components in tobacco capsules identified through non‐targeted quantitative analysis

Lim, Hyun‐Hee; Choi, Kyeong-Yun; Shin, Ho‐Sang

doi:10.1002/jms.4811

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Resultantly, these methods leave unsampled portions of the aerosol, which causes blind spots in the characterization of the aerosol's chemical constituents, especially when the composition may change as a result of flavorants. Several research groups [34][35][36] have published studies on the non-targeted analysis (NTA) of aerosols from combustible and heated tobacco products [34][35][36] and ENDS aerosols [35,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In order to better understand the flavor-dependent chemical composition of menthol flavored ENDS aerosols vs. our previously published work on tobacco-flavored E-liquids [39], we applied a non-targeted analysis approach developed to capture, detect, identify, and semi-quantitate chemical constituents with a broad range of properties, including polar and non-polar chemical constituents [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Targeted Chemical Characterization of JUUL-Menthol-Flavored Aerosols Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography

Crosswhite¹,

Jeong²,

Bailey³

et al. 2022

Separations

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The aerosol constituents generated from JUUL Menthol pods with 3.0% and 5.0% nicotine by weight (Me3 and Me5) are characterized by a non-targeted approach, which was developed to detect aerosol constituents that are not known to be present beforehand or that may be measured with targeted methods. Three replicates from three production batches (n = 9) were aerosolized using two puffing regimens (intense and non-intense). Each of the 18 samples were analyzed by gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectrometry and by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high-resolving power mass spectrometry. All chemical constituents determined to differ from control were identified and semi-quantified. To have a complete understanding of the aerosol constituents and chemistry, each chemical constituent was categorized into one of five groups: (1) flavorants, (2) harmful and potentially harmful constituents, (3) leachables, (4) reaction products, and (5) chemical constituents that were unable to be identified or rationalized (e.g., chemical constituents that could not be categorized in groups (1–4). Under intense puffing, 74 chemical constituents were identified in Me3 aerosols and 68 under non-intense puffing, with 53 chemical constituents common between both regimens. Eighty-three chemical constituents were identified in Me5 aerosol using an intense puffing regimen and seventy-five with a non-intense puffing regimen, with sixty-two chemical constituents in common. Excluding primary constituents, reaction products accounted for the greatest number of chemical constituents (approximately 60% in all cases, ranging from about 0.05% to 0.1% by mass), and flavorants—excluding menthol—comprised the second largest number of chemical constituents (approximately 25%, ranging consistently around 0.01% by mass). The chemical constituents detected in JUUL aerosols were then compared to known constituents from cigarette smoke to determine the relative chemical complexities and commonalities/differences between the two. This revealed (1) a substantial decrease in the chemical complexity of JUUL aerosols vs. cigarette smoke and (2) that there are between 55 (Me3) and 61 (Me5) unique chemical constituents in JUUL aerosols not reported in cigarette smoke. Understanding the chemical complexity of JUUL aerosols is important because the health effects of combustible cigarette smoke are related to the combined effect of these chemical constituents through multiple mechanisms, not just the effects of any single smoke constituent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Targeted Chemical Characterization of JUUL-Menthol-Flavored Aerosols Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography

Crosswhite¹,

Jeong²,

Bailey³

et al. 2022

Separations

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“…FCCs are marketed through a mix of strategies 9–11. In addition to contributing to the appeal of tobacco products through features known to be particularly attractive to young people,9 research indicates that FCCs contain a myriad of chemical components, many of which are toxic and possibly carcinogenic 12 13. Further, components detected in FCCs may increase nicotine delivery and exposure, thereby facilitating addictiveness 12 13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 12 13 Further, components detected in FCCs may increase nicotine delivery and exposure, thereby facilitating addictiveness. 12 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and perceptions of flavour capsule cigarettes among adults who smoke in Brazil, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia and Mexico: findings from the ITC surveys

Kyriakos,

Erinoso,

Driezen

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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IntroductionThe global market of flavour capsule cigarettes (FCCs) has grown significantly over the past decade; however, prevalence data exist for only a few countries. This study examined prevalence and perceptions of FCCs among adults who smoke across five countries.MethodsCross-sectional data among adults who smoked cigarettes came from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Surveys—Brazil (2016/2017), Japan (2021), Republic of Korea (2021), Malaysia (2020) and Mexico (2021). FCCs use was measured based on reporting one’s usual/current brand or favourite variety has flavour capsule(s). Perceptions of the harmfulness of one’s usual brand versus other brands were compared between those who used capsules versus no capsules. Adjusted logistic regression models examined correlates of FCC use.ResultsThere were substantial differences in the prevalence of FCC use among adults who smoke across the five countries: Mexico (50.3% in 2021), Republic of Korea (31.8% in 2021), Malaysia (26.5% in 2020), Japan (21.6% in 2021) and Brazil (6.7% in 2016/2017). Correlates of FCC use varied across countries. Capsule use was positively associated with being female in Japan and Mexico, younger age in Japan, Republic of Korea and Malaysia, high education in Brazil, Japan and Mexico, non-daily smoking in Republic of Korea, and having plans to quit in Japan and Republic of Korea. There was no consistent pattern of consumer perceptions of brand harmfulness.ConclusionOur study documented the high prevalence of FCCs in some countries, pointing to the need to develop and implement regulatory strategies to control these attractive products.

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“…Therefore, the chemical components contained in cigarette flavors and fragrances are numerous and complex 4 . Several studies based on gas chromatography (GC) and/or GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) have investigated the volatile components found in the aromas produced by natural monomer flavors 5–8 . However, quality control methods for high‐ or moderate‐polarity chemical components suitable for HPLC and HPLC‐MS techniques have not been established and reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality evaluation of natural monomer flavors for Chinese tobacco industry based on dual mode combined Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and isotopic fine structures

Peng,

Fan,

et al. 2024

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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RationaleNatural monomer flavors can modify the taste of cigarettes. However, no report was published to establish the quality control method for their chemical compositions.MethodsIn this study, licorice, a traditional natural monomer flavor used in tobacco aroma processing, was selected, and the fingerprint was developed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Next, the chemical markers of samples from different places of origin were discovered by multivariate statistical analysis. Then, its chemical constituents were identified by combination of HPLC‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS), direct infusion FT‐ICR‐MS (DI‐FT‐ICR‐MS), and the technology of isotopic fine structures (IFSs). Moreover, its characteristic constituents were quantitatively analyzed using HPLC.ResultsThe 14 common peaks were assigned in the fingerprint, and 8 of them were considered as qualitative markers by multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 42 chemical constituents were detected using HPLC‐FT‐ICR‐MS, and 13 of them were unambiguously identified by references. Meanwhile, the elemental compositions of other eight unknown chemical components were decisively determined using IFSs. Subsequently, the contents of five characteristic constituents in 11 batches of samples were determined.ConclusionsThe integration strategy established here can discover and quantify the chemical markers for improving the quality control standard of natural monomer flavor of licorice. It is expected that the strategy will be valuable for further quality control of other natural monomer flavors in Chinese tobacco industry.

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Flavor components in tobacco capsules identified through non‐targeted quantitative analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Non-Targeted Chemical Characterization of JUUL-Menthol-Flavored Aerosols Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography

Non-Targeted Chemical Characterization of JUUL-Menthol-Flavored Aerosols Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography

Prevalence and perceptions of flavour capsule cigarettes among adults who smoke in Brazil, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia and Mexico: findings from the ITC surveys

Quality evaluation of natural monomer flavors for Chinese tobacco industry based on dual mode combined Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and isotopic fine structures

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