“…Reverse SCM is defined as "the effective and efficient management of the series of activities required to retrieve a product from a customer and either dispose of it or recover value" (Prahinski & Kocabasoglu, 2006, p. 519). Reverse activities and reverse flows occur mainly due to commercial returns, warranty replacements, leased equipment renewals (Akçalı et al, 2009), or return of reusable articles (Vanga & Venkateswaran, 2020). Reverse activities include collection, inspection, sorting, disassembly, reprocessing/recycling, and disposal operations (Akçalı et al, 2009), whereas reverse flows start from customers and end in factory/ recovery plants (Salema et al, 2010).…”