Fleet Transition from Combustion to Electric Vehicles: A Case Study in a Portuguese Business Campus

Abstract

This paper aims to contribute to the urgent reflection as a society about environmental protection, in the ultimate challenge that is the sustainable use of energy resources. Since Portugal is at an early stage of market development internally, governmental and local stimulation policies play a central role and are a key element in the successful diffusion of Electric Mobility. The study will focus on the transition of a company car fleet, which currently consists of combustion vehicles, to electric vehicles. With this change it becomes necessary to understand how the electrical installation will be affected due to the installation of charging stations, allowing the company to have some autonomy from the public grid. The various changes resulting from the installation consumption profile will be studied and compared. The state of the art, the level of maturity and where the development of electric mobility in Portugal is heading will also be appreciated.

A Systematic Review of Optimization Approaches for the Integration of Electric Vehicles in Public Buildings

“…Ref. [28] studied the impact of the shift from ICEV to EVs on the electrical grid for a business campus in Portugal and discussed the current level of maturity and the future prospects of electric mobility at a national level. Another important level to consider is user behavior, where primary focus is given to the reasons that lead to EV adoption and how users typically use or want to use the EV and, consequently, the charging infrastructure.…”

Challenges and Opportunities for Future BEVs Adoption in Croatia

“…[62]. The country is developing many incentive programs to support selling electric vehicles and zero emissions by 2025, including an acquisition tax and VAT exemption for BEV [63] and import taxes. In Norway, the two largest urban regions, Oslo and Bergen, had a share in registered electric vehicles above the national average, reaching 64% and 67% in 2019.…”

“…Germany represents the largest European vehicle market and has a share of 3% in sales of EVs in 2019. The federal government has supported accepting financial subsidies of EUR 4000 for BEVs with a price less than EUR 60,000 [63] and an exemption from paying annual taxes on electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. Furthermore, tax reliefs for electric vehicle companies have been adopted [64].…”

“…Furthermore, incentives for financing infrastructure are included and incentives for companies engaged in producing EVs in France [64]. Owners of BEVs have a 50% discount on registration, or are even exempt, depending on the region [63]. The capital Paris had the highest registration of electric vehicles, with a 4.1% share of the registrations.…”

Drivers and challenges of electric vehicles integration in corporate fleet: An empirical survey

“…Clearly, the transition to EVs can have important repercussions on business organization in the context of logisticsrelated issues; in this respect, scholars carry out simulations to increase the information available to those responsible for making choices regarding company fleets. For example, a recent study analyzes the transition of a company's fleet, which currently consists of combustion vehicles, to EVs in order to understand how the electrical system will be affected by the installation of recharging stations (Pinto, et al, 2020).…”