“…38 The characteristic peaks appear in the spectra of GN/AC composite lm at 1589 cm À1 and 1243 cm À1 are attributed to C]C and C-O-stretching vibration, respectively. As respected, in the spectra of GN/AC/PPy 15 -200 s, the peaks at 1724, 1589, 1433, 1356, 1201 and 991 cm À1 are associated with the C]O, C]C, C-N stretching vibration, C-N in-plane deformation, and C-H deformation vibration in the pyrrole ring, respectively, 19 which indicated that the PPy successfully deposited onto the surface of GN/AC lm via electrochemical polymerization method. Fig.…”