Flexible Electrochemical Urea Sensor Based on Surface Molecularly Imprinted Nanotubes for Detection of Human Sweat

Liu, Yanling; Liu, Rong; Qin, Yu; Qiu, Quan-Fa; Chen, Zhe; Cheng, Shi‐Bo; Huang, Wei‐Hua

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04223

Cited by 119 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Various carbon materials, such as screen-printed carbon inks, 33 modified glassy carbon electrodes, 34,35 carbon paste electrodes, 30 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 30 and their mixtures with materials, such as gold nanotubes 36 have been investigated for electrochemical urea sensor fabrication. Among these, the CNT and gold nanotube sensor 36 is a flexible device proposed for its application as a skin patch to determine urea levels in human sweat. While some of these devices are capable of detecting μM urea concentrations, they are fabricated employing cumbersome techniques and relatively expensive materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced hierarchical carbon patterns on polyimide substrates for flexible urea sensors

et al. 2019

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Thermochemical decomposition of organic materials under heat-treatment in the absence of oxygen, known as the pyrolysis process, is often employed to convert micro and nano patterned polymers into carbon structures, which are subsequently used as device components. Pyrolysis is performed at ≥900°C, which entails substrate materials with a high thermal stability that excludes flexible, polymeric substrates. We use optimized laser radiation to pattern graphitic carbon structures onto commercially available polyimide (Kapton) sheets in the micrometer to millimeter scale by inducing a localized, rapid pyrolysis, for the fabrication of flexible devices. Resulting laser carbon films are electrically conductive and exhibit a high-surface area with a hierarchical porosity distribution along their cross-section. The material is obtained using various combinations of laser parameters and pyrolysis environment (oxygen-containing and inert). Extensive characterization of laser carbon is performed to understand the correlation between the material properties and laser parameters, primarily fluence and power. A photothermal carbonization mechanism based on the plume formation is proposed. Further, laser carbon is used for the fabrication of enzymatic, pH-based urea sensors using two approaches: (i) direct urease enzyme immobilization onto carbon and (ii) electrodeposition of an intermediate chitosan layer prior to urease immobilization. This flexible sensor is tested for quantitative urea detection down to 10 −4 M concentrations, while a qualitative, color-indicative test is performed on a folded sensor placed inside a tube to demonstrate its compatibility with catheters. Laser carbon is suitable for a variety of other flexible electronics and sensors, can be conveniently integrated with an external circuitry, heating elements, and with other microfabrication techniques such as fluidic platforms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced hierarchical carbon patterns on polyimide substrates for flexible urea sensors

et al. 2019

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“…In practical engineering,composites of different materials are usually employed to construct stretchable EC sensors with higher performance. [40][41][42][43] Fore xample,t he electrodeposition of PtAuNPs on porous graphene dramatically promoted electron transfer from target molecules to the electrode, thereby improving the conductivity and sensitivity of the sensor. [40] Theh ybrid nanocomposite of CNTs and AuNTs endowed the sensor with enhanced mechanical and EC performance.…”

Section: Minireviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Cell and Tissue Detection

Liu

Huang

2020

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Electrochemical sensing based on conventional rigid electrodes has great restrictions for characterizing biomolecules in deformed cells or soft tissues. The recent emergence of stretchable sensors allows electrodes to conformally contact to curved surfaces and perfectly comply with the deformation of living cells and tissues. This provides a powerful strategy to monitor biomolecules from mechanically deformed cells, tissues, and organisms in real time, and opens up new opportunities to explore the mechanotransduction process. In this minireview, we first summarize the fabrication of stretchable electrodes with emphasis on the nanomaterial‐enabled strategies. We then describe representative applications of stretchable sensors in the real‐time monitoring of mechanically sensitive cells and tissues. Finally, we present the future possibilities and challenges of stretchable electrochemical sensing in cell, tissue, and in vivo detection.

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“…Similar to glucose detection, today, intense interest in mixed hybrid materials with CNTs is noteworthy in the urea sensing applications [101][102][103][104]. For instance, Hassan et al [105] synthesized CNT hybrid materials with conductive polymer for direct detection of urea in blood samples.…”

Section: Urea Biosensors Based On Functionalized Cntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-carbons in biosensor applications: an overview of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes (C60)

2020

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Recently, the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes in the design of new biosensors have attracted great interest in the development of carbon nanomaterials. Due to the superior properties of CNTs and fullerenes, the use of sensor components allows the development of reliable, accurate and fast biosensors. Depending on the types of target molecules, the development and application areas of the sensors vary. This review summarizes the role of CNTs and fullerenes in the development of biosensors in different application areas. Considering the difference between other members of the nano-carbon family, we explain why CNTs are used more widely in biosensor applications and why fullerenes have high potentials in these areas of application. Moreover, we focused on investigating the function of these nano-carbons in the detection of various analytes in bio-sensing. By discussing the challenges and future expectations, we have put forward a perspective that may help synthesize advanced composites in the development of new generation designs in biosensor applications.

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Flexible Electrochemical Urea Sensor Based on Surface Molecularly Imprinted Nanotubes for Detection of Human Sweat

Cited by 119 publications

References 42 publications

Laser-induced hierarchical carbon patterns on polyimide substrates for flexible urea sensors

Laser-induced hierarchical carbon patterns on polyimide substrates for flexible urea sensors

Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Cell and Tissue Detection

Nano-carbons in biosensor applications: an overview of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes (C60)

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