Flexible, lead-free, gamma-shielding materials based on natural rubber/metal oxide composites

Toyen, Donruedee; Rittirong, Anawat; Poltabtim, Worawat; Saenboonruang, Kiadtisak

doi:10.1007/s13726-017-0584-3

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, these sodium alginate/Bi 2 O 3 composites have μ/ρ values comparable to that of polymer composites reported in literature. At all the energies, S40B composites showed relatively higher μ/ρ values than silicone and natural rubber composites which had higher loading of 50 wt% and 500 phr Bi 2 O 3 , respectively 64,65 . The enhancement in μ/ρ values for sodium alginate/Bi 2 O 3 composites in the present study could be due to uniform dispersion of filler and higher density of sodium alginate matrix (1.61 g cm −3 ) compared to UP (1.2 g cm −3 ), PVA (1.19 g cm −3 ), PMMA (1.18 g cm −3 ), and epoxy (1.2 g cm −3 ) 7,10,11,66 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…This is probably because the added inorganic Bi 2 O 3 fillers being rigid in nature may interact with polymer and restrict the mobility of flexible alginate chain, thus reducing the flexibility of the film. Decrease in %E could also be related to increase in cross‐linking density, shortening the length of inter‐cross‐linking chains and thus restricting the orientation of stretched chains 64 . With increasing filler content, the nature of sodium alginate modified from soft to hard, along with increase in rigidity or stiffness of the composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium alginate/bismuth (III) oxide composites for γ‐ray shielding applications

Prabhu

Bubbly

Gudennavar

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the present work, we have explored the efficacy of bismuth (III) oxide (Bi2O3) loaded, calcium ion cross‐linked solution cast sodium alginate composite films for radioprotective applications. Calcium ion cross‐linking increased the water and chemical resistance, which further improved on introduction of Bi2O3 into the composites. The 40 wt% Bi2O3 loaded films showed good heat resistance with the peak degradation temperature reaching as high as 251°C. The Bi2O3 loaded composites showed enhanced tensile strength (TS) and Youngs modulus (YM). Compared to high‐modulus polymers like epoxy, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), these exhibit relatively greater extent of stretching before breaking. The γ‐ray attenuation experiments showed that mass attenuation coefficients of the composites at various γ‐ray energies increased with filler loading. These composites are effective in shielding γ‐rays from radioactive sources like 137Cs, 22Na, 133Ba, and 60Co that are widely employed in several medical and industrial applications. The overall enhancement in thermal, mechanical, and radiation shielding characteristics of the composites may be attributed to the uniform distribution of the fillers in alginate matrix. These nontoxic sodium alginate/Bi2O3 composites can be used as soft and biodegradable radiation shields, which may be processed to wearable forms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium alginate/bismuth (III) oxide composites for γ‐ray shielding applications

Prabhu

Bubbly

Gudennavar

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“… Shielding material Polymer Attenuation coefficient (cm −1 ) HVL (cm) Ref. Water – 0.06323 10.96 29 Ordinary concrete – 0.13342 5.19 29 Bi 2 O 3 Nature rubber 0.105 7 30 Bi 2 O 3 Polyvinyl alcohol 0.127 5.475 20 CdO High density polyethylene 0.104 6.67 31 Pb 3 O 4 Phenyl epoxy 0.103 6.74 32 PbO 2 Polyacrylamide 0.1343 5.16 This work …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-healable soft shield for γ-ray radiation based on polyacrylamide hydrogel composites

Park

Kim

Choi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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With the growing risk of radiation exposure, there are growing interests in radiation shielding. Because most radiation shields are made from heavy metals, a need to develop a soft shield is raised to protect human body. However, because the shield can easily undergo a mechanical damage by an impact, it would be better to have self-repairing system in the shield. Here, we have fabricated an intrinsic self-healable soft shield for gamma ray by making acrylamide based hydrogel composite. The composite contains lead dioxide nanoparticles for gamma ray shielding and Laponite clays for self-repairing. Although the hydrogel contained a large amount of lead dioxide nanoparticles (3.23 M), the fabricated composites stretched beyond 1400% while showing a high attenuation coefficient of 0.1343 cm−1 against gamma ray from a cobalt-60 source. Then a systematic study was performed to analyze self-healing properties and the 96.55% of maximum self-healing efficiency was obtained. We also analyzed a storage modulus of hydrogel and molecular weight of polyacrylamide to study an effect of gamma ray on the self-healing. The self-healing efficiency was decreased by a gamma ray because the radiation induces scissioning or covalent crosslinking in the chains.

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“…This behavior was observed due to the increase in crosslinks between NR molecular chains caused by gamma rays that restrict the mobility of intercross‐linking chains, leading to the increase in overall strength of the samples. [ 29–32 ] The evidences of the effects of gamma irradiation on the increase of crosslinks could be seen by the subsequent decrease in swelling ratios from 3600% to 749% in nonirradiated NRL and RVNRL samples, respectively. The lower swelling ratios also implied a higher degree of crosslinking network in the sample, resulting from higher numbers of chemical bonds and crosslinks, which limited the water uptake.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness for radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex composites containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes and silk textile

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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This work investigated the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), electrical conductivity (σ), and mechanical properties of radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex (RVNRL) with varying amounts of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and silk textiles for use as flexible EMI shielding materials. The results indicated that 14-kGy gamma irradiation on NRL successfully initiated crosslinking between NR chains. The results also indicated the increases in MWCNT content increased σ, EMI SE, and hardness, but decreased tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites. Furthermore, silk textile inserted in MWCNT/RVNRL composites could further enhance both σ and EMI SE, while maintaining the strength of the materials at higher MWCNT contents, which previously tended to decrease with increasing MWCNTs. Specifically, the maximum EMI SE in this work was obtained by using 6-phr MWCNT content and the insertion of silk textile in RVNRL composites (~8 [19] dB for a 2-mm [8-mm] thickness at 300 MHz).

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Flexible, lead-free, gamma-shielding materials based on natural rubber/metal oxide composites

Cited by 57 publications

References 28 publications

Sodium alginate/bismuth (III) oxide composites for γ‐ray shielding applications

Sodium alginate/bismuth (III) oxide composites for γ‐ray shielding applications

Self-healable soft shield for γ-ray radiation based on polyacrylamide hydrogel composites

Enhancing electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness for radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex composites containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes and silk textile

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