Flexible Li‐CO₂ Batteries with Liquid‐Free Electrolyte

Abstract

Developing flexible Li‐CO2 batteries is a promising approach to reuse CO2 and simultaneously supply energy to wearable electronics. However, all reported Li‐CO2 batteries use liquid electrolyte and lack robust electrolyte/electrodes structure, not providing the safety and flexibility required. Herein we demonstrate flexible liquid‐free Li‐CO2 batteries based on poly(methacrylate)/poly(ethylene glycol)‐LiClO4‐3 wt %SiO2 composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) cathodes. The CPE (7.14×10−2 mS cm−1) incorporates with porous CNTs cathodes, displaying stable structure and small interface resistance. The batteries run for 100 cycles with controlled capacity of 1000 mAh g−1. Moreover, pouch‐type flexible batteries exhibit large reversible capacity of 993.3 mAh, high energy density of 521 Wh kg−1, and long operation time of 220 h at different degrees of bending (0–360°) at 55 °C.

Electrolyte and Interface Engineering for Solid-State Sodium Batteries

“…The common polymer matrices for SSE are PEO, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), poly(acrylonitrile), and poly(methacrylate). [95][96][97][98][99] The additive salts mainly contain NaPF 6 , NaClO 4 , (NaFSI). The main problems of most polymer electrolyte are low ionic conductivity (<10 À4 S cm À1 ) at room temperature and unsatisfactory Na + -ion transference number (less than 0.5).…”

“…Co-polymerization, blending, crosslinking, and combination with plasticizers are proven to be effective in achieving the goal. 12,[95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] For instance, our group fabricated quasi-SSE composed of PVDF-HFP matrix with SiO 2 and NaClO 4 -TEGDME (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether) additives ( Figure 6A). 95 The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte can reach as high as 10 À3 S cm À1 at room temperature.…”

Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection

“…12a, b [41]. Using carbon nanotubes as an active air cathode, Hu et al [42] successfully constructed a flexible Li-CO 2 battery (Fig. 12c) using a poly(methacrylate)/poly(ethylene glycol)-LiClO 4 -3wt%SiO 2 /porous CNT cathode which exhibited a good cycling life up to 100 cycles and a long operation time of 220 h at 55 °C.…”

“…Because ORR, OER, and HER have been reviewed in several previously published articles [4,[10][11][12], the focus in this review will be on recent advances and new reactions (e.g., CO 2 RR, multifunctional electrocatalysis). A critical overview of efficient methods for developing carbon-based metal-free catalysts for various energy conversion/storage and environmental protection devices, including ORR in fuel cells [13][14][15][16][17], ORR and OER in metal-air batteries [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], OER and HER in water-splitting units [29][30][31], I − /I 3− reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells [32][33][34][35], and CO 2 RR in Li-CO 2 batteries [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] will then be provided. Finally, perspectives and challenges in this fast-growing and significant field are outlined.…”

A review of rechargeable batteries for portable electronic devices

“…Wearable electronic devices, especially those with mechanical flexibility (eg, roll-up displays), represent a new direction for the electronics industry. 2,[209][210][211][212][213] Further, they may be combined with wearable sensors (eg, smart clothing) to revolutionize the human's life. Strong consumer demands are driving the development of such flexible devices.…”