Flexible metallic ultrasonic transducers for structural health monitoring of pipes at high temperatures

Shih, Jeanne-Louise; Kobayashi, Makiko; Jen, C. K.

doi:10.1109/tuffc.2010.1659

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This transducer design has the potential to provide a strong and reliable permanent acoustic bond to the pipe wall surface, has customizable sensor element configurations and dimensions to expand into larger areas of measurement coverage, and also has the potential for installation in high temperature environment 26 . The characterization of such sol-gel transducers and the quantification of measurement accuracy and precision are discussed in the following sections.…”

Section: Thin-film Sol-gel Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic thickness structural health monitoring photoelastic visualization and measurement accuracy for internal pipe corrosion

Eason

Bond

Lozev³

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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Oil refinery production of fuels is becoming more challenging as a result of the changing world supply of crude oil towards properties of higher density, higher sulfur concentration, and higher acidity. One such production challenge is an increased risk of naphthenic acid corrosion that can result in various surface degradation profiles of uniform corrosion, non-uniform corrosion, and localized pitting in piping systems at temperatures between 150°C and 400°C. The irregular internal surface topology and high external surface temperature leads to a challenging in-service monitoring application for accurate pipe wall thickness measurements. Improved measurement technology is needed to continuously profile the local minimum thickness points of a non-uniformly corroding surface. The measurement accuracy and precision must be sufficient to provide a better understanding of the integrity risk associated with refining crude oils of higher acid concentration. This paper discusses potential technologies for measuring localized internal corrosion in high temperature steel piping and describes the approach under investigation to apply flexible ultrasonic thinfilm piezoelectric transducer arrays fabricated by the sol-gel manufacturing process. Next, the elastic wave beam profile of a sol-gel transducer is characterized via photoelastic visualization. Finally, the variables that impact measurement accuracy and precision are discussed and a maximum likelihood statistical method is presented and demonstrated to quantify the measurement accuracy and precision of various time-of-flight thickness calculation methods in an ideal environment. The statistical method results in confidence values analogous to the a90 and a90/95terminology used in Probability-of-Detection (POD) assessments. RightsCopyright 2015 Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. ABSTRACTOil refinery production of fuels is becoming more challenging as a result of the changing world supply of crude oil towards properties of higher density, higher sulfur concentration, and higher acidity. One such production challenge is an increased risk of naphthenic acid corrosion that can result in various surface degradation profiles of uniform corrosion, non-uniform corrosion, and localized pitting in piping systems at temperatures between 150°C and 400°C. The irregular internal surface topology and high external surface temperature leads to a challenging in-service monitoring application for accurate pipe wall thickness measurements. Improved measurement technology is needed to continuously profile the local minimum thickness points of a non-uniformly corroding surface. The measurement accuracy and precision must be sufficient to provide a better understanding of the integrity risk associated with refining crude o...

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Section: Thin-film Sol-gel Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic thickness structural health monitoring photoelastic visualization and measurement accuracy for internal pipe corrosion

Eason

Bond

Lozev³

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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“…, 4 mm pitch) on 75 μm thick Ti foil. The fabrication of the FUT array consists of six main steps [7,9]: (1) preparation of a high dielectric constant lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) solution [8], (2) ball milling of the piezoelectric PZT powders in a PZT solution to submicron sizes, (3) sensor spraying using slurries to produce a film with thickness of 5 to 20 μm, (4) heat treatment to produce a solid PZT composite (PZT-c) thick film, (5) Corona poling to obtain piezoelectricity, and (6) colloidal silver spraying with a mask to deposit the top electrodes and electrically conducting lines. Steps (3,4) are performed multiple times to produce an optimal PZT-c film thickness for the specified ultrasonic operating frequency (center frequency).…”

Section: Fabrication Of Piezoelectric 1d Fut Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Flexible Ultrasonic Transducer Array for Defect Detection at 150 °C

Shih

Jen

et al. 2013

Sensors

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In this study, the feasibility of using a one dimensional 16-element flexible ultrasonic transducer (FUT) array for nondestructive testing at 150 °C is demonstrated. The FUT arrays were made by a sol-gel sprayed piezoelectric film technology; a PZT composite film was sprayed on a titanium foil of 75 μm thickness. Since the FUT array is flexible, it was attached to a steel pipe with an outer diameter of 89 mm and a wall thickness of 6.5 mm at 150 °C. Using the ultrasonic pulse-echo mode, pipe thickness measurements could be performed. Moreover, using the ultrasonic pulse-echo and pitch-catch modes of each element of FUT array, the defect detection was performed on an Al alloy block of 30 mm thickness with a side-drilled hole (SDH) of ϕ3 mm at 150 °C. In addition, a post-processing algorithm based on the total focusing method was used to process the full matrix of these A-scan signals of each single transmitter and multi-receivers, and then the phase-array image was obtained to indicate this defect- SDH. Both results show the capability of FUT array being operated at 150 °C for the corrosion and defect detections.

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“…Furthermore, such FUTs made of PZT-c films had survived thermal cycles between -80°C and 100°C (15) .…”

Section: Instruments and Equipmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible ultrasonic transducer arrays for health monitoring of an aircraft component

Liu

Jen

et al. 2011

Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring

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Flexible metallic ultrasonic transducers for structural health monitoring of pipes at high temperatures

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Ultrasonic thickness structural health monitoring photoelastic visualization and measurement accuracy for internal pipe corrosion

Ultrasonic thickness structural health monitoring photoelastic visualization and measurement accuracy for internal pipe corrosion

Applications of Flexible Ultrasonic Transducer Array for Defect Detection at 150 °C

Flexible ultrasonic transducer arrays for health monitoring of an aircraft component

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