Flexible perovskite solar cells fabricated by a gradient heat treatment process

Abstract

A gradient heat treatment process can effectively improve the quality of perovskite films and the efficiency of flexible perovskite solar cells.

Improved efficiency and stability of flexible perovskite solar cells by a new spacer cation additive

“…The FA-based mixed perovskite lm is fabricated according to a previously reported procedure. 9,34 The experiment details are given in the ESI. † The exible PSCs possess the advantages of being light-weight, low-cost, and exibile, which make them suitable for use in wearable electronics, intelligent vehicles, and building-integrated photovoltaics.…”

“…8 More importantly, the issues of the perovskite crystal growth and the cracking of perovskite grains, which determines the photovoltaic performance of PSCs, are also severely restricted by a exible substrate because the deformation of exible substrates is usually inevitable under the annealing process. 4,9 Except for photovoltaic performance, the mechanical stability of exible PSCs is severely affected by the fragility of ITO as well as the perovskite crystals. Therefore, high efficiency and super stability of the exible PSCs simultaneously enhance the quality of the perovskite crystal and exibility of the whole device.…”

Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells for Building Integration and Tandem Photovoltaics: Design Strategies and Challenges

“…The exceptional versatility of the PSC technology has also opened the possibility of constructing cells on top of various flexible substrates, including metal foils, ultrathin flexible glass, nanopaper, and plastic substrates, thus extending the possibility of practical integration. Many examples of flexible PSCs fabricated on polymer supports such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), [ 62–64 ] polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), [ 65,66 ] and polyimide (PI) [ 67 ] are reported in the literature. However, still most PCE values of flexible cells lag behind those of their rigid counterparts, with the major issues arising from the relatively low conductivity and poor mechanical properties of conventional TCO electrodes on flexible substrates.…”

Monocrystalline Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Materials for Photovoltaics

“…[ 24,225–229 ] Because the absorption coefficient associated to the indirect bandgap is several orders of magnitude lower than that of the direct bandgap, its presence becomes more evident in the absorption spectrum of thicker crystals. In our opinion, this has led to the inaccurate conclusion that MAPC, MAPB and MAPI SCs have a narrower bandgap (2.97, [ 67 ] 2.16, [ 104 ] and 1.48 eV, [ 50 ] respectively) than MAPX PC (3.11, 2.2, and 1.55 eV [ 235 ] ), [ 37,85,236 ] as the former are typically characterized as thick crystals, whereas the latter as thin films. Corroborating evidence for this can be found in Chen et al., that reported an increase of the absorption edge of a MAPI SC from 790 to 810 nm when the film thickness was increased from 500 nm to 10 μm.…”