Flexible Self-Powered Friction Piezoelectric Sensor Based on Structured PVDF-Based Composite Nanofiber Membranes

Abstract

With the rapid development of the economy and technology, intelligent wearable devices have gradually entered public life. Flexible sensors, as the main component of wearable devices, have been widely concerned. However, traditional flexible sensors need an external power supply, lacking flexibility and sustainable power supply. In this study, structured poly­(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based composite nanofiber membranes doped with different mass fractions of MXene and zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared by electrospinning and were then assembled to flexible self-powered friction piezoelectric sensors. The addition of MXene and ZnO endowed PVDF nanofiber membranes with better piezoelectric properties. The structured PVDF/MXene-PVDF/ZnO (PM/PZ) nanofiber membranes with a double-layer structure, interpenetrating structure, or core–shell structure could further enhance the piezoelectric properties of PVDF-based nanofiber membranes through the synergistic effects of filler doping and structural design. In particular, the output voltage of the self-powered friction piezoelectric sensor made of a core–shell PM/PZ nanofiber membrane showed a good linear relationship with the applied pressure and could produce a good piezoelectric response to the bending deformation caused by human motion.

Piezoelectrically-activated antibacterial catheter for prevention of urinary tract infections in an on-demand manner

“…The calculation show that the β-phase fraction of pure PVDF-HFP is about 66.3 %, while the β-phase fraction of ZnO- PVDF-HFP increased to 76.8 %, which will lead to better piezoelectric properties. Many researchers have reported that the surface charges on the ZnO nanofillers interact with the molecular dipoles (CH 2 or CF 2 ) of PVDF-HFP and improves the β-phase content of the composites [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials

“…Our research group proposed a new strategy to prepare a high-performance capacitive flexible pressure sensor based on MXene/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) through interdigital electrodes. [43] By increasing the number of interdigital [51] Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society. b) Reproduced with permission.…”

“…Common piezoelectric materials include Polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene (P (VDF-TrFE)), Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), Lead zirconate titanate (PZT), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc. [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] The following will be introduced separately.…”

“…Zhang et al developed a self-powered flexible friction piezoelectric sensor based on electrospun PVDF/MXene PVDF/ZnO nanofibers. [51] MXene can enhance the piezoelectric output signal by promoting Electron transfer during compression. Structured PVDF/MXene PVDF/ZnO (PM/PZ) nanofiber membranes with double-layer, interpenetrating, or core-shell structures can further improve the piezoelectric properties of PVDF-based nanofiber membranes through the synergistic effect of filler doping and structural design, as shown in Figure 7a.…”

“…In addition to PVDF being chosen as a piezoelectric material, ZnO is also chosen as a piezoelectric sensitive material. [51,58] Yu et al designed flexible piezoresistive sensors and piezoelectric energy acquisition sensors based on three-dimensional structures, and used them for self-driving pressure sensors. [58] Piezoelectric sensor collects energy by growing ZnO nanorods on the surface of MXene nanosheet coated sponge, with an output voltage of 101 V and a power of 10 μ W. The sensitivity is 4.37 V•kPa −1 .…”