Flexible strain sensors fabricated using carbon-based nanomaterials: A review

Yan, Tao; Wang, Zhe; Pan, Zhijuan

doi:10.1016/j.cossms.2018.11.001

Cited by 189 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…The mechanical, electrical, or thermal properties of the composites are closely related to the processing method. Due to geometry and nanofiller agglomerations, composites with nanocarbonaceous fillers need well-controlled manufacturing processes in order to obtain composites with homogeneous and uniform overall properties [12]. Homogeneous nanofiller distribution and dispersion within the polymer matrices also depend on the fillers (van der Waals interactions and geometry) [6,13,14], polymer type [13,15], or surfactant [13,16] incorporation into the composite, as well as on the processing method, as already discussed [13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonaceous Filler Type and Content Dependence of the Physical-Chemical and Electromechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Polymer Composites

et al. 2019

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Graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and carbon nanofibers (CNF) are the most studied nanocarbonaceous fillers for polymer-based composite fabrication due to their excellent overall properties. The combination of thermoplastic elastomers with excellent mechanical properties (e.g., styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS)) and conductive nanofillers such as those mentioned previously opens the way to the preparation of multifunctional materials for large-strain (up to 10% or even above) sensor applications. This work reports on the influence of different nanofillers (CNT, CNF, and graphene) on the properties of a SEBS matrix. It is shown that the overall properties of the composites depend on filler type and content, with special influence on the electrical properties. CNT/SEBS composites presented a percolation threshold near 1 wt.% filler content, whereas CNF and graphene-based composites showed a percolation threshold above 5 wt.%. Maximum strain remained similar for most filler types and contents, except for the largest filler contents (1 wt.% or more) in graphene (G)/SEBS composites, showing a reduction from 600% for SEBS to 150% for 5G/SEBS. Electromechanical properties of CNT/SEBS composite for strains up to 10% showed a gauge factor (GF) varying from 2 to 2.5 for different applied strains. The electrical conductivity of the G and CNF composites at up to 5 wt.% filler content was not suitable for the development of piezoresistive sensing materials. We performed thermal ageing at 120 °C for 1, 24, and 72 h for SEBS and its composites with 5 wt.% nanofiller content in order to evaluate the stability of the material properties for high-temperature applications. The mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of SEBS and the composites were identical to those of pristine composites, but the electrical conductivity decreased by near one order of magnitude and the GF decreased to values between 0.5 and 1 in aged CNT/SEBS composites. Thus, the materials can still be used as large-deformation sensors, but the reduction of both electrical and electromechanical response has to be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonaceous Filler Type and Content Dependence of the Physical-Chemical and Electromechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Polymer Composites

et al. 2019

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“…It appears that such supporting materials are effective due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. For the same reason, carbon materials were also exemplified as substrates or matrixes in various other applications, e.g., for capacitive or resistive humidity sensors [ 37 ], pressure and strain sensors [ 38 ], electrochemical sensors and biosensors in general [ 39 ]. Due to the processability of carbon matrices, they can be easily implemented in flexible sensors [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors Made of Natural Renewable Materials: Efficiency, Recyclability or Biodegradability—The Green Electronics

Piro

Tran

Thu

2020

Sensors

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Nowadays, sensor devices are developing fast. It is therefore critical, at a time when the availability and recyclability of materials are, along with acceptability from the consumers, among the most important criteria used by industrials before pushing a device to market, to review the most recent advances related to functional electronic materials, substrates or packaging materials with natural origins and/or presenting good recyclability. This review proposes, in the first section, passive materials used as substrates, supporting matrixes or packaging, whether organic or inorganic, then active materials such as conductors or semiconductors. The last section is dedicated to the review of pertinent sensors and devices integrated in sensors, along with their fabrication methods.

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“…The percolation theory [6,38] can be applied to explain the electrically conducting behavior of composites consisting of conducting fillers and insulating matrices. When the conducting filler content gradually increased, the composite undergoes an insulator-to-conductor transition and the concentration of filler at the transition is called percolation threshold [39,40]. In addition, nanocomposites similar to PU/CNT foams showed an electrical resistance change when subjected to a strain [38,40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the conducting filler content gradually increased, the composite undergoes an insulator-to-conductor transition and the concentration of filler at the transition is called percolation threshold [39,40]. In addition, nanocomposites similar to PU/CNT foams showed an electrical resistance change when subjected to a strain [38,40,41]. In this condition, the conductive network inside the polymers changes its morphology because polymer chains cause fillers sliding [41], resulting in a resistance increase or decrease depending on the kind of strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoresistive and mechanical Behavior of CNT based polyurethane foam

et al. 2020

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Carbon nanotubes (CNT) embedded into a polymeric foam demonstrate an enhancement in electrical and mechanical properties of the final nanocomposite. The enhanced material with new characteristics, e.g., piezoresistivity, can be substituted with the traditional metallic material to design sensors, switches, and knobs directly into a single multifunctional component. Research activities in this field are moving towards a mono-material fully integrated smarts components. In order to achieve this goal, a simple method is developed to produce piezoresistive polyurethane/CNT foams. The novelty consists in applying the dispersion of CNT considering industrial production constrains, in order to facilitate its introduction into a common industrial practice. Three kinds of PU-CNT foam have been prepared and tested: PU-CNT 1.5%, PU-CNT-COOH 1.0%, and PU-CNT-COOH 1.5%. Polyurethane with CNT-COOH showed an insulating-conductive transition phenomenon when the foam reaches the 80% of its compression strain with a Gauge factor (Gf) of about 30. Instead, PU-CNT showed conductivity only at 1.5% of filler concentration and a steady piezoresistive behavior with a Gf of 80. However, this samples did not show the insulating-conductive transition. Having improved the electromechanical properties of final nanocomposite polyurethane foam demonstrates that the proposed method can be applied differently for design sensors and switches.

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Flexible strain sensors fabricated using carbon-based nanomaterials: A review

Cited by 189 publications

References 144 publications

Carbonaceous Filler Type and Content Dependence of the Physical-Chemical and Electromechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Polymer Composites

Carbonaceous Filler Type and Content Dependence of the Physical-Chemical and Electromechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Polymer Composites

Sensors Made of Natural Renewable Materials: Efficiency, Recyclability or Biodegradability—The Green Electronics

Piezoresistive and mechanical Behavior of CNT based polyurethane foam

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