Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete RAC Beams Exposed to 6-hour Fire – Part 2: Rich Mix

Buller, Abdul Hafeez; Oad, Mahboob; Memon, Bashir Ahmed

doi:10.48084/etasr.2494

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These stresses contribute to a decrease in the critical buckling load and must be considered during the design process. Many studies investigated the effect of multiple web openings along the span length of RC beams [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Opening Size and Expansion Ratio on the Flexural Behavior of Hot Rolled Wide Flange Steel Beams with Expanded Web

Ahmed,

Said

2024

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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In some design cases, such as in castellated beams, cellular beams, or steel beams with expanded web, it is advantageous to strengthen and enhance the performance of steel beams by increasing the web depth. However, expanding the web of a steel beam is a unique engineering strategy. This modification not only enhances its ability to bear heavy loads but also reduces any bending or flexing while enabling longer distances between supports. The expanded steel beams can be achieved by making a horizontal cutting in the steel beam web and then adding an increment plate (with the same web thickness), called spacer plate, between the two halves of the web sections, thus improving stiffness and strength. To evaluate the behavior of such beams, nine specimens of HEA steel beams with expanded web ratios of 150%, 200%, and 250%, and one specimen as a reference beam, were fabricated. The specimens were evaluated under two-point load over a clear span length of 280 cm. From the experimental work it was found that for steel beams with expanded web that have 18 openings with 80 mm, the beams with an expansion ratio of 150% had the best performance according to load-deflection behavior with a reduction in load capacity by only 11%. Additionally, the beams with expansion ratios of 200% and 250% had no economic viability according to the analysis of load-deflection behavior with a reduction in load capacity by 49% and 62%, compared with the solid expanded steel beam with the same expansion ratio. For the second type of steel beam with expanding web with 9 openings of 160 mm width, the beams with expansion ratios of 200% and 250% were observed to perform better than the first type with a reduction in load capacity by 28% and 50%. Using larger opening width and a smaller opening number is considered the best option for beams with expansion web ratios of 200% and 250%, while on the contrary, using smaller opening width and higher numbers seems to be a better option for beams with 150% expansion web ratio. Expanding the depth of a steel beam provides design flexibility, reduces deflections, and allows for longer spans. These benefits enhance material efficiency and open up new architectural possibilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Opening Size and Expansion Ratio on the Flexural Behavior of Hot Rolled Wide Flange Steel Beams with Expanded Web

Ahmed,

Said

2024

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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“…Authors in [9] showed that the increase in temperature has significant impact on the compressive and flexural tensile strength of concrete. However, there is no effect on strength when hard concrete is exposed to 6-hour fire at 1000°C [13]. Authors in [5,14] reported that the effect of heat treatment on the modulus of elasticity is the same as that on strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Steam-Curing on the Properties of Concrete

Boukendakdji

Touahmia

Achour

et al. 2021

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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Worldwide, concrete is the most preferred construction material. The steam curing method is favored when there is a need for accelerating strength. This paper presents the study of the compressive and flexural tensile strength of concrete subjected to eight different steam cures. In addition, the stress-strain curve and the modulus of elasticity were determined at the age of 28 days. The compressive strength test results show that after treatment, strength increases with concrete maturity. A cycle with a pre-heating period gives better results than a cycle without a pre-heating period. The longer the duration of the maximum temperature period, the lower the strength drop compared to the control concrete. The best results were obtained for concrete treated according to the following cycle: a 3-hour pre-heating period at 20oC, a 2-hour increase of temperature from 20 to 70oC, and a 3 hour of maximum temperature of 70oC.

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Comparative Study on the Measurement of Human Thermal Activity

Airij¹,

Sudirman²,

Sheikh³

et al. 2019

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Human physiological signals measurement is the necessity of today's modern world. The physiological signals, including heart rate, skin conductance, temperature, and pupil diameter, are significant indicators of underlying problems or illnesses and aid in indicating the underlying condition non-invasively. This study highlights the importance and needs for only one physiological signal, which is the body temperature as even a minor change in temperature values has a unique effect on the body. Hence, the present study focuses on comparing two well-known temperature sensors, namely DS18B20 and LM35, which are among the top choices for many temperature-based applications. The two sensors are compared in terms of cost, accuracy, temperature range, voltage, output type, implementation, packaging and required signal conditioning circuitry. The sole purpose is to find the adequacy of only one in terms of medical applications. The temperature readings are collected for 15 seconds from 10 participants between the age of 25-28 years and the data is sent to a microcontroller, which is Arduino Mega board. The microcontroller board processes the data for noise and artefacts removal and displays the final temperature readings on the serial monitor of Arduino IDE. The results highlight that DS18B20 is more accurate and robust in comparison to LM35, as it has lower fluctuations in the readings and is not affected by user movements. This study will help in the future development of healthcare systems, which may track the user's thermal changes accurately in real-time.

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Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete RAC Beams Exposed to 6-hour Fire – Part 2: Rich Mix

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

The Effect of Opening Size and Expansion Ratio on the Flexural Behavior of Hot Rolled Wide Flange Steel Beams with Expanded Web

The Effect of Opening Size and Expansion Ratio on the Flexural Behavior of Hot Rolled Wide Flange Steel Beams with Expanded Web

The Effects of Steam-Curing on the Properties of Concrete

Comparative Study on the Measurement of Human Thermal Activity

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