Flight activity of the smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes honmai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Nocturnal flight activities of the female Asian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

“…flight behavior of virgin and mated females. In other moths, such as Cydia pomonella, Ostrinia furnacalis, Adoxophyes honmai and Carposina sasakii, the flight speed of mated females is not different from that of virgin females (Schumacher et al, 1997;Shirai, 1998;Shirai and Kosugi, 2000;Ishiguri and Shirai, 2004). An important factor affecting their flight speed seems to be their body weight.…”

“…So far, the flight speed, duration and distance of moths have been measured or estimated mainly using a flight mill (Noda and Kamano, 1988;Shirai, 1991Shirai, , 1998Shumacher et al, 1997;Shirai et al, 1998;Shirai and Kosugi, 2000;Ishiguri and Shirai, 2004). Using the method, the flight speed (m/min) of virgin females was recorded as follows, Spodoptera litura (50-60), Plutella xylostella ( We were not able to record the flight behavior of all other individuals in the dark to estimate their flight speed, and could not compare the flight pattern of this virgin female with that of other females, including mated females.…”

Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the development and reproduction of Adoxophyes honmai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…When we considered the pre-oviposition period at 25°C as being 2 d for the full development of one generation of A. honmai under temperatures higher than 10°C, the thermal constant was estimated to be 236 F. H. NABETA et al On the other hand, the total effective temperature of Kagoshima City (31°33.1ЈN, 130°33.1ЈE) was estimated to be 2,400 and 2,320 degree-days based on the data of the daily mean temperature over 10°C in 2000 and2001 (JMA), respectively. According to this estimate, A. honmai in Kagoshima City would produce five generations per year.…”

“…The above estimates agree with the field data for A. honmai moths captured in light and pheromone traps in Shizuoka Prefecture (Minamikawa and Osakabe, 1979;Kawasaki et al, 1983), in Saitama Prefecture (Shimoda, 1984), in Chiba Prefecture (Tamaki and Yamaya, 1976), and in Kagoshima Prefecture (Tamaki, 1991;Nishi and Nonaka, 1996). Shirai et al (1998) and Shirai and Kosugi (2000) investigated the effects of temperature on the flight Development and Reproduction of A. honmai 237 Fig. 1.…”

Flight variability in the woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera:Siricidae): an analysis of flight data using wavelets

“…Occasionally, other characteristics related to the continuity of the flight, such as the extension of continuous flight, or flight interruptions, the length of pulses or pauses between successive flights have also been quantified (Shirai and Kosugi, 2000;Ishiguri and Shirai, 2004;MacQuarrie and Boitau, 2003;Blackmer et al, 2004;Wanner et al, 2006). However, because the insects are forced to fly in a flight mill as a result of permanent stimulation by lack of tarsal contact (Edwards, 2006), classical analysis of flight mill data tend to overestimate the flight distance and the total flight time by a factor of ten or more, compared with other laboratory studies such as those carried out in flight chambers (Shirai and Kosugi, 2000;Yamanaka et al, 2001;Blackmer et al, 2004) or field methods such as mark-release-recapture (Botero-Garces and Isaacs, 2004). To our knowledge, a detailed exploration of the complete data set obtained from tethered flight studies using some modern time series analyses has never been performed.…”