“…While the flipped model of instruction has been introduced in a wide range of disciplines (math, social sciences, humanities, etc.) and educational contexts, including schools and universities (Hao, 2016;Bergmann & Sams, 2012), few research studies have been carried out on the effect of flipped learning in FL classes (Alsowat, 2016;Alharbi, 2015;Chen Hsieh, Wu, & Marek, 2017;Hung, 2017), which makes it scientifically impossible to draw general conclusions about this technique at present (for a review, see Turan & Akdag-Cimen, 2019). In the same vein, Ekmekci (2017) explicitly stated that "studies on flipped classroom are limited, but studies on flipped language learning classrooms are much more limited" (p. 155).…”