“…Previous studies have examined the effects of flipped learning on enhancing the efficacy of teaching process. Flipped learning activities should be designed to foster the ability of learners to construct meaningful personal knowledge and to cultivate a higher level of cognitive skills such as analyzing, applying, and evaluating (Coley et al, 2013), higher order thinking skills (Hwang et al, 2015;Hwang et al, 2019;Suprapti et al, 2021), and communicative competence (Ginola & Sidabalok, 2016;Makruf et al, 2021). It has also been proven as an effective approach to enhance students' performance and achievement across fields of study such as mathematics (Lo & Hew, 2020), physical therapy (Chung & Lee, 2018), physical education (Hinojo Lucena et al, 2020), algorithms and programming education (Karaca & Ocak, 2017), and foreign language (Lee & Wallace, 2018).…”