Flocculation of a High-Turbidity Kaolin Suspension Using Hydrophobic Modified Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polyacrylamide

Ma, Jie; Fu, Xue; Xia, Wei; Fu, Kun; Liao, Yi

doi:10.3390/pr7020108

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, excessive polymer dosage beyond the optimum level can lead to restabilisation. A previous study reported that the optimum pH of polyaluminium chloride in kaolin suspension was approximately at pH 5–6 (Ma et al , 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction of synthetic dye remained constant at more than 80% effectiveness. Complexing of Zn 21 with other compounds showed superior coagulation performance in previous studies (Ma et al, 2019). Zinc and phosphate were introduced into iron suspension during the polymerisation process to evaluate their impact on dissolved organic nitrogen removal, which was more than 80%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Effects of different polymerisation conditions using hybrid polymer on high turbidity suspensions

Ishak¹,

Murshed

Sabtu

et al. 2021

WJE

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Purpose In this study, new hybrid polymers composed of Zinc chloride (ZnCl2), acrylamide and chitosan were prepared at different ratios and temperatures. The effects of pH and polymer dosage were examined for different polymers to observe their efficiency in the removal of turbid water. The polymers’ zeta potential, morphology, elemental composition and functional groups were also identified and studied. Design/methodology/approach The free-radical polymerisation process was executed in the presence of N, N’-Methylene bis-acrylamide and potassium persulphate in one molar acrylamide solution. ZnCl2 and chitosan (CO) were later introduced into the suspension under nitrogen gas flow. Ratio and temperature were varied during polymerisation. The hybrid polymer produced, termed Polyacrylamide + chitosan oligosaccharide + zinc chloride (PAMCOZ), was analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy attenuated total reflectance and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray. The hybrid PAMCOZ was experimented with in high turbid kaolin suspension using jar testing analysis to see its ability as a coagulant. Findings The coagulation process using PAMCOZ with a ratio of 11 (3:2) at 70°C surrounding temperature showed a 100% reduction at pH 4 with 50 mg/L of the polymer. The functional groups present in ratio 11 polymer were hydroxyl, carbonyl, amide and methyl groups. In addition, several elements were spotted on the surface of PAMCOZ, such as zinc (Zn), carbon (C), chlorine (Cl), nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O). The effect of pH also demonstrated that PAMCOZ was unfavourable in an alkaline turbid water environment. Research limitations/implications Due to the research methodology approach, the research results may lack actual wastewater application. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the hybrid coagulant on raw wastewater, such as pulp and paper mill effluent with a high turbidity value similar to this study. Originality/value The polymerisation between zinc chloride, acrylamide and chitosan has not yet been applied. The different ratios and effects of temperature were analysed on PAMCOZ to see the turbidity removal. PAMCOZ showed better turbidity removal in acidic conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effects of different polymerisation conditions using hybrid polymer on high turbidity suspensions

Ishak¹,

Murshed

Sabtu

et al. 2021

WJE

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“…Polycation-based flocculation has been established as the primary strategy to remove suspended particles from aquatic media because of several advantages such as simplicity, high efficiency, and low cost . In this respect, polycations such as chitosan and its derivatives, , or cationic derivatives of polyacrylamide, ,, dextran, starch, , and lignin have been thoroughly investigated as flocculants. Such polymers usually interact with the suspended particles via electrostatic attractive interactions and/or van der Waals forces, thus forming larger aggregates which finally undergo sedimentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Thiourea-Graft-Polyethyleneimine and Its Performance in Flocculation of Some Inorganic Particles

Ghiorghiță¹,

Ghimici²,

Ailiesei³

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In the present study, the synthesis of a new thiourea (TU) derivative of branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) by an aqueous one-pot strategy involving formaldehyde mediated coupling of PEI and TU is reported. The structure of the new polymer, thiourea-g-polyethyleneimine, was confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy, as well as by 2D NMR homo-and heteronuclear correlations. The flocculation efficiency of the new polyelectrolyte in kaolin and zirconium silicate (kreutzonit) suspensions, as well as their mixture, was tested in dependence on the polymer dose and suspension pH. A high removal efficiency has been recorded for all of the systems investigated irrespective of the medium pH, namely, more than 97% for kaolin particles and around 95% for the kreutzonit ones. According to the zeta potential values noticed in the optimum dose interval (negative values), the flocculation of inorganic particles has been achieved by the synergistic effect of the electrostatic attraction forces and hydrogen bonding.

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“…This technology has been widely used in the separation and dehydration of solid/water systems. So far, a large number of flocculants with different functions have been developed for suspended matter removal, sludge dewatering, dye wastewater treatment and heavy metal wastewater treatment [12][13][14]. Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is one of the most widely used flocculants for separating colloidal suspensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of the Hydrophobic Cationic Polyacrylamide (PADD) Initiated by Ultrasonic and its Flocculation and Treatment of Coal Mine Wastewater

Liu²,

Wang

et al. 2020

Processes

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In this study, a new type of hydrophobic cationic polyacrylamide P (AM-DMC-DABC) (PADD) was synthesized by ultrasonic (US)-initiated polymerization, which is used for the separation and removal of coal mine wastewater. The acrylamide (AM), methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) and acryloyloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DABC) were used as monomers to prepare). The factors that affecting the US initiated polymerization of PADD were analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical structure, thermal decomposition performance and surface morphology of the polymers. FT-IR and 1H NMR results showed that PADD was successfully synthesized. In addition, irregular porous surface morphology of PADD were observed by SEM analysis. Under the optimum conditions (pH = 7.0, flocculant dosage = 16.0 mg/L), the excellent flocculation performance (turbidity removal rate (TR) = 98.8%), floc size d50 = 513.467 μm, fractal dimension (Df) = 1.61, flocculation kinetics (KN0) = 27.24 × 10−3·s−1) was obtained by using high-efficiency flocculant PADD. Zeta potential analysis was used to further explore the possible flocculation mechanism of removal. The zeta potential and flocculation analytical results displayed that the flocculation removal process of coal mine wastewater mainly included hydrophobic effect, adsorption, bridging and charge neutralization, and electric patching when PADD was used. The PADD showed more excellent coal mine wastewater flocculation performance than PAD, commercial cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) CCPAM and PAM. Thus PADD, with its good flocculation effect on coal mine wastewater under relatively wide pH range, had bright practical application value.

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Flocculation of a High-Turbidity Kaolin Suspension Using Hydrophobic Modified Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polyacrylamide

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of different polymerisation conditions using hybrid polymer on high turbidity suspensions

Effects of different polymerisation conditions using hybrid polymer on high turbidity suspensions

Synthesis of Thiourea-Graft-Polyethyleneimine and Its Performance in Flocculation of Some Inorganic Particles

Synthesis of the Hydrophobic Cationic Polyacrylamide (PADD) Initiated by Ultrasonic and its Flocculation and Treatment of Coal Mine Wastewater

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