Abstract. Rapid development of advanced technology in Malaysia gave impact increasing in the accumulation of heavy metal every day in our daily life through wastewater. Long term exposure of human bodies to heavy metals susceptible to receives various infections and diseases. From an environmental and economic perspective, adsorption is acceptable process that can be applied in wastewater treatment. However, usage of activated carbon most acknowledged and costly adsorbents lead people to find an alternative to activated carbon. Several studies of physical properties of geopolymer make them gain attention to replace an activated carbon in the treatment of heavy metal. This paper review adsorption of heavy metal by using geopolymer.

The utilization of various types of natural and modified polymers for removing toxicant dyes in wastewater generated by the dye industry is reviewed in this article. Dye wastewater contains large amounts of metals, surfactants, and organic matter, which have adverse effects on human health, potentially causing skin diseases and respiratory problems. The removal of dyes from wastewaters through chemical and physical processes has been addressed by many researchers. Currently, the use of natural and modified polymers for the removal of dyes from wastewater is becoming more common. Although modified polymers are preferred for the removal of dyes, due to their biodegradability and non-toxic nature, large amounts of polymers are required, resulting in higher costs. Surface-modified polymers are more effective for the removal of dyes from the wastewater. A survey of 80 recently published papers demonstrates that modified polymers have outstanding dye removal capabilities, and thus have a high applicability in industrial wastewater treatment.

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a major flood period was investigated. The flood period (over 6 months) occurred during an intense La Niña cycle, leading to rapid and high increases in river flows and organic loads in the river water. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased (2-3 times) to high concentrations (up to 16 mg/L) and was found to correlate with river flow rates. The treatability of organics was studied using conventional jar tests with alum and an enhanced coagulation model (mEnCo©). Predicted mean alum dose rates (per mg DOC) were higher before (9.1 mg alum/mg DOC) and after (8.5 mg alum/mg DOC) than during the flood event (8.0 mg alum/mg DOC), indicating differences in the character of the organics in raw waters. To assess the character of natural organic matter present in raw and treated waters, high performance size exclusion chromatography with UV and fluorescence detectors were used. During the flood period, high molecular weight UV absorbing compounds (>2 kDa) were mostly detected in waters collected, but were not evident in waters collected before and afterwards. The relative abundances of humic-like and protein-like compounds during and following the flood period were also investigated and found to be of a higher molecular weight during the flood period. The treatability of the organics was found to vary over the three climate conditions investigated.

In recent climatic events in Australia, the need for frequent jar testing to determine optimum coagulant and flocculant aid doses became apparent in order to determine optimum treatment efficiencies. The generally applied jar test procedure can be time consuming and this prompted investigations for capacity to test waters more rapidly, for a range of treatment conditions and raw water qualities. The aim of the study reported here was to develop a rapid procedure for determination of dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal, measured as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV absorbance (254 nm/cm) for a range of treatment conditions (coagulant dose and pH). Using a previously established predictive model (mEnCo) for coagulant determination, several coagulant doses were then predicted for application in a modified jar test protocol. Best fitted and predicted data using the exponential decay function compared with data from a 6× jar test procedure were obtained using three doses, 0.5× EnCD, EnCD and a VHD (≥2× EnCD). It is proposed that this procedure may be used to more rapidly determine treatment efficiency based on the removal of organics compared with traditionally applied jar tests.