Flocculation of Illite/Kaolinite and Illite/Montmorillonite Mixtures as Affected by Sodium Adsorption Ratio and pH

Goldberg, Sabine; Förster, Helga; Heick, E. L.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1991.0390406

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Critical coagulation concentrations reported in the literature are difficult to compare with our measurements, because most investigators used much higher colloid concentrations. Corroborating our observation of a lower CCC at higher colloid concentration, reported kaolinite CCCs for Na (at pH 9 to 10 and 10 000 mg/L colloid concentrations) are between 10 and 40 mmol c/L (8), as compared to >100 mmolc/L in our experiments.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Colloid Stability in Vadose Zone Hanford Sediments

Czigány

Flury

Harsh

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We experimentally determined colloid stability of natural colloids extracted from vadose zone sediments from the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Reservation. We also used reference minerals, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and silica,for comparative purposes. Colloid stability was assessed with two different methods: the batch turbidity method and dynamic light scattering. Critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) were determined for pure Na and pure Ca electrolyte solutions, as well for mimicked Hanford vadose zone pore waters with varying sodium adsorption ratios (SARs). Critical coagulation concentrations obtained from the batch turbidity method were sensitive to initial colloid mass concentrations, settling time, and CCC criteria. The lower the initial colloid concentration and the shorter the settling times were, the larger was the CCC. The CCCs determined from the dynamic light scattering, where diluted colloidal suspensions are used, were not dependent on settling time and arbitrary CCC criteria, so dynamic light scattering is therefore the preferred method to determine colloid stability. The CCC values determined from dynamic light scattering ranged from 90 to 200 mmol/L for Na systems and 1.7 to 3.8 mmol/L for Ca systems. The stability of natural colloids was intermediate between that of pure kaolinite and montmorillonite. The results indicate that colloids in the Hanford vadose zone form stable suspensions, i.e., are in the slow aggregation regime. Nonetheless, due to the long travel times in the vadose zone, nearly all colloids will aggregate and be removed from the water column before reaching groundwater levels.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Colloid Stability in Vadose Zone Hanford Sediments

Czigány

Flury

Harsh

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The value of pzc for montmorillonite was about 2.5 (Hengpraprom et al, 2006). Most importantly, the pH-dependent charge makes a small contribution to the total CEC of montmorillonite in comparison with kaolinite (Goldberg et al, 1991). Thus, the CIP desorption as solution pH deceased from 8 to 2.5 was much less affected in comparison with kaolinite.…”

Section: Ph Effect On Cip Desorptionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Desorption of ciprofloxacin from clay mineral surfaces

Hong

et al. 2013

Water Research

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“…For example, a classic study on Berea sandstone, which is commonly used in laboratory studies to represent petroleum reservoirs, demonstrated that colloid dispersion could be prevented at sufficiently low pH (Kia et al, 1987). This observation can be explained by Goldberg et al (1991). See Section 4.4 for explanation of points 5 and 6.…”

Section: Reservoir Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two simplifications are as follows: First, Fig. 8 plots CCC relationships at pH = 6.5, the lowest pH for which Quirk‐Schofield diagrams could be constructed using the data in Goldberg et al (1991). The magnitude of each CCC relationship at the reported pH of 5.0–6.0 would be smaller.…”

Section: Applications With Constant Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using the Quirk-Schofield Diagram to Explain Environmental Colloid Dispersion Phenomena

Mays

2007

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education

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Colloid dispersion, through its role in soil science, hydrology, and contaminant transport, is a basic component of many natural resources and environmental education programs. However, comprehension of colloid dispersion phenomena is limited by the numerous variables involved. This article demonstrates how the Quirk‐Schofield diagram can be used as a pedagogical tool to explain the relationship between colloid dispersion and three key variables: ionic strength, counterion valence, and pH. The theory of colloid dispersion is briefly reviewed, in order to provide the background needed to define the Quirk‐Schofield diagram. These diagrams are then employed to qualitatively explain numerous published observations of environmental colloid dispersion, first in the case of constant pH and then in the case of variable pH. In addition, new Quirk‐Schofield diagrams are presented for three common clay minerals: kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite. These diagrams are used for quantitative analysis of two key studies from the literature on colloid‐associated contaminant transport. The generality and simplicity of Quirk‐Schofield diagrams, which provide a single framework to conceptualize many phenomena, should greatly assist student learning.

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Flocculation of Illite/Kaolinite and Illite/Montmorillonite Mixtures as Affected by Sodium Adsorption Ratio and pH

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

Colloid Stability in Vadose Zone Hanford Sediments

Colloid Stability in Vadose Zone Hanford Sediments

Desorption of ciprofloxacin from clay mineral surfaces

Using the Quirk-Schofield Diagram to Explain Environmental Colloid Dispersion Phenomena

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